中国科学院昆明动物研究所机构知识库

黑颈鹤（Grus nigricollis）作为典型的湿地涉禽，其夜栖地多为浅水滩。但是近年来我们发现在滇东北的寻甸、会泽、大山包、永善等地，都有大量黑颈鹤夜栖于山坡上，这一行为与其他越冬地的黑颈鹤明显不同，也不同于鹤科其他鹤类。从历史文献上来看，寻甸的黑颈鹤在20世纪90年代夜栖在大白龙海子，2012年的调查发现少量夜栖在湿地，大部分夜栖在山坡，但近几年的调查发现寻甸的黑颈鹤已经全部夜栖在山坡上；会泽陈家村附近的黑颈鹤自从首次记录起就夜栖在山坡上；洗羊塘水库的黑颈鹤夜栖在水边，但距其两公里处的王家海子的山坡上也有几十只黑颈鹤夜栖；永善的黑颈鹤则在调查期间夜栖在山坡上，只有极少数情况下夜栖在茂林永安的大海子，还很有可能是别处黑颈鹤迁徙过程中的短暂停歇。综合来看，黑颈鹤既有自发现时就夜栖在山坡上的，也有一部分很可能是从水边转移到附近山坡上的，但是在山坡夜栖的黑颈鹤是否面临着更大的环境压力还未知，对于其对山坡夜栖是否形成了适应也不了解。为了了解这些情况，本研究通过测量鸟类粪便内皮质酮含量来反映环境压力的方法，在滇东北黑颈鹤的十个夜栖地内分三次采集了294份粪样，利用elisa测量粪便内皮质酮含量。利用R和prism进行数据分析，结果显示，山坡型和湿地型内黑颈鹤粪便内皮质酮含量差异并不显著。利用GLMM对影响皮质酮含量的因素进行分析，发现包括夜栖地类型在内的因素对皮质酮含量并无显著影响，只有时间这一因素对皮质酮含量有显著影响。对各项因子间的相关性进行分析，发现各因子间的相关性很低。通过本项研究发现夜栖在山坡的黑颈鹤并没有面临比夜栖在湿地的黑颈鹤面临更大的环境压力，也可能黑颈鹤对在山坡夜栖已经形成了行为上的适应，本项研究对动物对环境变化的适应有一定参考意义。

Black-necked crane is a typical wetland wading birds, it’s nocturnal roost sites reported mostly in shallow water wetland. But in recent years we found in the northeast of Yunnan Province, Huize, Xundian, Yongshan and other places like Dashanbao, there are a large number of black-necked cranes roost on the hillside. This phenomenon is different from that of other Black-necked cranes, but also different from other cranes. From the historical point of view, Xundian's black necked cranes roost at Dabailong Haizi in 1990s. A 2012 survey found that a small amount of Black-necked cranes was in the wetland and most of the Black-necked cranes was on the hillside. In recent years, a survey of Xundian's black necked cranes had found that all Blacke-necked cranes roost on the hillside. Chenjia Village for the first time since records have black necked cranes roost on the hillside; Xiyangtang Reservoir black necked cranes roost at the edge of the water. But the distance of two kilometers on the hillside, Wangjia Haizi also has dozens of cranes roost on upland. In Yongshan, the investigation in the period of black-necked cranes roost on the hillside, only a handful of cases in Yongan there are numbers Blacke-necked cranes roost at wetland, This is probably a short stay in the migratory cranes. Overall, both have since found on the black necked cranes roost on the hillside, but also probably from the water transferred to the nearby hillside, but whether the Black-necked cranes roosting on upland face greater environment pressure is still unknown. Methods in response to environmental pressure by measuring the content of cortical ketone bird droppings on the popular, in the northeast of Yunnan, we collected 294 fecal samples in ten sites, using ELISA to measure cortical ketone content of feces. For data analysis, we use R and prism. The results showed that the fecal Cort ketone is not significant between black- necked cranes in upland type and wetland type. Using GLMM to analyze the factors that affect the content of corticosterone, it was found that factors including type had no significant effect on corticosterone content, only time had a significant effect on corticosterone content. The correlation between factors was analyzed, and the correlation between the factors was found to be very low. The study found roosting on the upland of Black-necked cranes did not face greater pressure on the environment than roosting in the wetlands, Black necked cranes may also be adapted to roost on the hillside. Besides, this study has some reference significance for animals to adapt to environmental changes.