KIZ OpenIR研究单元&专题: 灵长类研究中心

Superior colliculus-pulvinar-amygdala subcortical visual pathway and its biolog- ical significance

2018-09-27T07:59:35Z

题名: Superior colliculus-pulvinar-amygdala subcortical visual pathway and its biolog- ical significance 作者: WANG Lei; YANG Li-Chuan; MENG Qian-Li; MA Yuan-Ye 摘要:

Superior colliculus-pulvinar-amygdala pathway is one of the subcortical visual pathways in mammalian brain. Some recentstudies suggest that this pathway is involved in processing emotion-related visual information. This review discusses the possibilitythat this pathway is more related to visual alert rather than simply the early visual information processing. The biological significanceof this pathway is also discussed. Instead of detecting “where” or “what” the visual target is, the task of this early visual stage is tosend out a warning signal, i.e., “something appears”, so that the brain can be set up in a state of alert, which is important for thesurvival of animals. Thus, in the early visual information process, detection of new object “emerging” or “disappearing” takes priorityover the acquisition of its feature information of “texture” and “shape”, etc. The subcortical pathway may provide the neural basis ofearly visual warning in topological perception, a biological significance critical for animal survival.

Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO 2 and gelatin/chitosan slow‐release hydrogel containing BMP‐2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey

2018-09-26T08:36:42Z

题名: Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO 2 and gelatin/chitosan slow‐release hydrogel containing BMP‐2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey 作者: Rong‐Xue Shao; Tuo Wang; Wei‐Bin Du; Gao‐Yong Jia; Dong Wang; Long‐Bao Lv; Cai‐Yin Xu; Xi‐Cheng Wei; Jin‐Fu Wang; Di‐Sheng Yang 摘要:

Dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. However, it fails to induce bonecell migration into graft material. In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS)consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosanslow‐releasehydrogelcontainingbonemorphogeneticprotein2andbonemesenchymalstemcellswasdesignedandpreparedtorepairlumbarvertebraldefects.Themorphologicalcharacteristicsofthe BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showedthat it had a three‐dimensional net-workstructurewithuniformlydistributedchitosanmicrospheresonthesurfacesofthegraftmate-rial and the interior of the pores. Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone(Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesusmonkeys. After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine,microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testingfor bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblastgrowth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed toexaminethereparativeefficacyoftheBGSandPGHC.TheBGSdisplayedexcellentabilitytorepairthe lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. Radiography, microcomputed tomography scan-ning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in theinterior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. The results of biome-chanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implantwas lower than the other implants. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and westernblot analyses showed that the expression of bone‐related proteins in the BGS implant was signif-icantlyhigherthaninthePGHCimplant.TheBGSdisplayedreparativeeffectssimilartoautologousbone. Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising.

Prepulse Inhibition of Auditory Cortical Responses in the Caudolateral Superior Temporal Gyrus in Macaca mulatta.

2018-09-19T08:19:06Z

题名: Prepulse Inhibition of Auditory Cortical Responses in the Caudolateral Superior Temporal Gyrus in Macaca mulatta. 作者: Zuyue Chen; Lauri Parkkonen; Jingkuan We; Jin-Run Dong; Yuanye Ma; Synnove Carlson 摘要:

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to a decreasedresponse to a startling stimulus when another weakerstimulus precedes it. Most PPI studies have focused on thephysiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the PPIof cortical responses. We recorded local field potentials(LFPs) in four monkeys and investigated whether the PPIof auditory cortical responses (alpha, beta, and gammaoscillations and evoked potentials) can be demonstrated inthe caudolateral belt of the superior temporal gyrus(STGcb). We also investigated whether the presence of aconspecific, which draws attention away from the auditorystimuli, affects the PPI of auditory cortical responses. ThePPI paradigm consisted of Pulse-only and Pre-pulse ? Pulse trials that were presented randomly whilethe monkey was alone (ALONE) and while anothermonkey was present in the same room (ACCOMP). TheLFPs to the Pulse were significantly suppressed by thePrepulse thus, demonstrating PPI of cortical responses inthe STGcb. The PPI-related inhibition of the N1 amplitudeof the evoked responses and cortical oscillations to thePulse were not affected by the presence of a conspecific. Incontrast, gamma oscillations and the amplitude of the N1response to Pulse-only were suppressed in the ACCOMPcondition compared to the ALONE condition. Thesefindings demonstrate PPI in the monkey STGcb andsuggest that the PPI of auditory cortical responses in themonkey STGcb is a pre-attentive inhibitory process that isindependent of attentional modulation.

Anxiety- and activity-related effects of paracetamol on healthy and neuropathic rats.

2018-09-19T08:08:44Z

题名: Anxiety- and activity-related effects of paracetamol on healthy and neuropathic rats. 作者: Zuyue Chen; Hong Wei; Antti Pertovaara; Jianhong Wang; Synnove Carlson 摘要:

Paracetamol has recently been suggested to affect emotion processing in additionto alleviating pain in humans. We investigated in adult male Hannover–Wistar ratswhether acute intraperitoneally administrated paracetamol affects behavior in testsmeasuring anxiety, mood, motor activity, and memory. Unoperated rats received sal-ine or a low (50 mg/kg) or high (300 mg/kg) dose of paracetamol, while rats with aspared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathy and sham-operated rats received sal-ine or the low dose of paracetamol. Rats were tested on open-field (OFT), elevatedplus-maze (EPM), light-dark box (LDB), novel-object recognition (NOR), sucrose pref-erence, rotarod, and monofilament tests. In unoperated rats, both the low and highdose of paracetamol reduced line crossings, and grooming time in the OFT, andnovel preference in NOR. The high dose of paracetamol increased the time spent inthe closed arm in EPM, reduced the number of rearings and leanings in OFT, thetime spent in the light box in LDB, and sucrose preference. Paracetamol had no sig-nificant effect on the rotarod test measuring motor activity. The low dose of parac-etamol suppressed mechanical pain hypersensitivity in SNI rats, without influencingpain behavior in sham-operated rats. Saline- but not paracetamol-treated SNI ratsspent more time than sham-operated rats in the closed arm in the EPM test.Together the results suggest that a high dose of paracetamol increases anxiety-likeand anhedonic behavior, and impairs recognition memory in unoperated controls,while in neuropathy, a low dose of paracetamol reduces nerve injury-associatedanxiety probably by reducing neuropathic pain.

Interactive effects of morphine and dopamine receptor agonists on spatial recognition memory in mice.

2018-09-19T07:55:38Z

题名: Interactive effects of morphine and dopamine receptor agonists on spatial recognition memory in mice. 作者: Yanmei Chen; Jichuan Zhang; Yingjie An; Jun Cao; Jianhong Wang 摘要:

Both opiates and dopamine play important roles in learning and memory. Althoughsynergistic action between these two neurotransmitters has been found, their func-tional roles remain unclear. Here, low dose morphine (2.5 mg/kg) and low dose dopa-mine receptor agonists (apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg; SKF38393 0.01 mg/kg;bromocriptine 0.05 mg/kg), which have no effects on spatial recognition memory,were injected intraperitoneally into mice 30 minutes before a memory test in a two-trial recognition Y- maze. The Y- maze is based on the innate tendency of rodents toexplore novel environments and is therefore suitable for exploring the effects of mor-phine on learning and memory. Our results showed that both D1- like and D2- like do-pamine receptor agonists dose- dependently impaired the retrieval of spatialrecognition memory in the Y- maze, and co- administration of memory ineffectivedoses of apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg), SKF38393 (0.01 mg/kg), or bromocriptine(0.05 mg/kg) and of morphine (2.5 mg/kg) resulted in impaired spatial recognitionmemory retrieval in mice. These findings suggest the existence of interactions be-tween morphine and dopamine receptor agonists in memory processing and that acti-vation of the dopamine system might contribute to morphine- induced impairment ofmemory, which could provide insight into human addiction.