云南西北部四县林地的分布和受威胁程度评价以及该地区鸡形目鸟类的保护状况分析

	云南西北部四县林地的分布和受威胁程度评价以及该地区鸡形目鸟类的保护状况分析
其他题名	Analyzing distribution and threatening degrees of forests & shrubs and assessing representativeness of natural reserves for conserving gallinaceous birds in four counties of Northwestern Yunnan, China
	王伟
学位类型	博士
导师	王文 ; 朱建国
	2007-04
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	地理信息系统云南西北部鸡形目鸟类遥感生境退化保护现状
其他摘要	横断山区拥有独特的生物区系和丰富的生物多样性，成为研究生物和地学许多重大理论问题的关键性区域。然而该地区复杂的高山峡谷地形不利于大范围实地考察工作的开展，而传统的调查方法也较难直接地获取野生动物及其生境的一些量化数据，如某种或某类生物元素的分布、变化情况以及保护状况等，因此长期以来对于该地区保护网络的规划和管理效果一直缺乏系统地评价，保护工作的进一步开展依然面临很多难题。近年来地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）和遥感技术（Remote Sensing, RS）已经广泛应用于野生动物及其生境保护的各个方面，为横断山区的保护工作拓展了新的研究思路和方法借鉴。本研究以位于云南西北部横断山区的四个县（德钦、维西、丽江、香格里拉）作为核心研究地区，以野生动物的主要栖息地——林地为对象，借助RS和GIS手段研究该地区内林地的分布、变化以及受威胁程度；并针对鸡形目鸟类的保护状况进行了分析，为该地区林地和鸡形目鸟类的保护及评价提供科学的方法指导和建议。具体如下：（1）林地分布以及针叶林的进一步细分。在地面真实数据的辅助下，通过对Landsat TM/TM+影像的预处理、分类、分类后处理等过程，将研究地区中的林地与非林地进行划分；针对暖温性针叶林和寒温性针叶林这两种较难区分的类别，采用导引聚类（guided clustering）的分类方法，进一步对针叶林进行细分。精度评估的结果显示，林地与非林地的划分总体精度为94.3%，而针叶林细分为暖温性针叶林和寒温性针叶林的总体精度为74.8%。该方法可以较为准确地划分该地区不同的生境类型，为野生动物及其生境的保护奠定基础。（2）林地的受威胁程度评价。通过分析研究地区中的林地在40多年时间跨度里（1958-2001年）的变化情况和保护现状，从而评价其受威胁程度，结果反映出每个县的林地面积都有不同程度的减少，丽江和香格里拉这两个县的林地受威胁程度相对较高。进一步对丽江和香格里拉两县在不同海拔带的林地分布和变化情况进行分析，结果表明，丽江的林地主要分布于2000-3500米的海拔范围内（占该县全部林地面积的89.7%），而在香格里拉则主要分布于2500米以上（占该县全部林地面积的95.2%）；在这两个林地分布较为集中的区域内，都是低海拔地区林地面积减少程度较高，意味着在开展保护工作时应重点关注这两个县的低海拔林地。本研究方法可供整个横断山区乃至其他高山峡谷地区借鉴，为保护网络的完善提供快速的量化参考。（3）鸡形目鸟类的保护状况分析。借助RS和GIS手段描绘研究地区中当前林地（2001年左右）以及早期林地（1958年前后）的分布，针对那些主要以林地为生境的鸡形目鸟类，在相应限制因子（例如海拔数据）的辅助下对它们当前和过去的潜在生境进行预测，从而分析它们的保护现状和生境的变化情况。结果表明研究地区中现有的保护区对这些鸟类的保护尚不完善，并且在过去40多年的时间跨度里它们的潜在生境都有不同程度的退化。建议将来的保护工作优先考虑那些在当前未被充分保护的物种以及潜在生境退化程度相对较高的物种。针对这些物种，提出在将来的进一步保护工作中的一些建议，为整个横断山区鸡形目鸟类乃至其他野生动物类群的保护提供参考。; Analyzing distribution and threatening degrees of forests & shrubs and assessing representativeness of natural reserves for conserving gallinaceous birds in four counties of Northwestern Yunnan, China Wei Wang (Zoology) Directed by Prof. Wen Wang, Jian-Guo Zhu The Trans-Himalayas has great abundance in biodiversity and endemic species, which makes it an important region for studies of many biological and geographic theories. However, since the topographies of the Trans-Himalayas are very complex with steep slopes and deep gorges, it is difficult to carry out general field works. Also it would be impractical to acquire some quantitative information of wild animals and their habitats (e.g. distribution, changes, and conservation status of some biodiversity elements) only by traditional field observations in this mountainous region. So that there is still lacking systematic schemes for planning the network of natural reserves and assessing their effectiveness. These all bring forward many problems to further conservation works in this region. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) are valuable tools for analyzing habitat distribution and dynamics in recent studies of wildlife conservations. These techniques can help us in the methodologies when designing the conservation studies in the Trans-Himalayas. This study selected four counties (Lijiang, Shangri-la, Deqin & Weixi) in Northwestern Yunnan of the Trans-Himalayas as our study area. With the aid of GIS and RS techniques, we analyzed the distribution and threatening degrees of forests & shrubs. Also the representativeness of natural reserves for conserving gallinaceous birds in the study area was assessed. It could show some guides and suggestions in the conservation works and assessment plans of gallinaceous birds and forests & shrubs. The results and conclusions are as follows: 1) Delineating the distribution of forests & shrubs, and subdividing conifers into cold-temperate needle-leaved forests and warm-temperate needle-leaved forests. With the aid of ground-truth data, this study classified land covers of the study area into forest & shrub areas and non-forest areas by a series of processing to Landsat TM/TM+ images, including pre-classification, unsupervised classification, and post-classification process. As to the two confused conifer types, cold-temperate needle-leaved forests and warm-temperate needle-leaved forests, “guided clustering” was used to subdivide them automatically. Accuracy assessments showed overall accuracy of 94.3% in the forests & shrubs delineation, and 74.8% in the subdivision of conifers. This methodology could classify the different habitat types in the study area with satisfied accuracies, which made the foundation to further protection of the wild animals and their habitats. 2) Assessing the threatening degrees of forests & shrubs and conservation suggestions. Based on GIS and RS techniques, the threatening degrees of forests & shrubs (FSs) in the study area were assessed by comparing FSs’ changes in over 40 years and their conservation status. The result showed the higher FSs’ threatening degree in Lijiang and Shangri-la. Then further analysis was conducted on the FSs’ distribution, changes and protected percent in different elevation ranges in these two counties (Lijiang and Shangri-la). It shows the FSs of Lijiang mainly occur in 2000-3500m (89.7% of the total FSs of Lijiang), and those in Shangri-la generally dominate the areas over 2500m (95.2% of the total FSs of Shangri-la). And in these regions, the decreases of FSs were relatively more in the low elevation areas, which needs more consideration in the future conservation efforts. This methodology could bring forward a quantitive guide to evaluate the natural reserves network, and could spread to the whole Trans-Himalayas and even to other mountainous areas. 3) Assessing representativeness of natural reserves in the study area for conserving gallinaceous birds. This study assessed the representativeness of natural reserves for conserving forest gallinaceous birds and their habitat degradation degree. First we mapped the forest areas of 2 time points, in 2000s and 1960s, and accordingly predicted previous and current potential habitats of each forest gallinaceous bird based on 3 factors that restrict its distribution (the locations, elevation range, and forests maps). Then we assessed the representativeness of natural reserves for conserving these birds and evaluated the habitats degradation degree of each bird over 40 years. The analysis revealed that the current protection of 4 species were inadequate according to the criterion of less than 10% of their potential habitats within existing natural reserves, and all species showed habitats degradation in over 40 years. And accordingly we brought forward some suggestions to their future conservation efforts.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/10145
专题	科研部门_生态学与环境保护中心（俞维理）基因起源组
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王伟. 云南西北部四县林地的分布和受威胁程度评价以及该地区鸡形目鸟类的保护状况分析[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2007.

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