昆虫假死性及建巢行为系列研究

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	昆虫假死性及建巢行为系列研究
	孟凡明
学位类型	硕士
导师	梁醒财
	2009-06
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
关键词	昆虫假死行为长壮蝎蝽建巢平唇原胡蜂蜂巢焰马蜂单母建群
其他摘要	本研究是围绕昆虫的假死行为及建巢相关行为两个方面进行的。首先通过对昆虫假死行为的研究历史和现状的综述，作者提出了假死行为是一种特殊拟态的观点。对长壮蝎蝽Laccotrephes robustus Stål成虫在不同的活动空间下(水体内外)的假死行为以及控制假死行为的关键部位的研究结果表明：(1)水体外假死时长明显高于水体中；(2)蝎蝽在水体内外假死行为的差别是对不同捕食压力的适应，能够提高自身的适合度；(3) 头部不是蝎蝽假死发生所必需的，控制胸部各对足完成假死动作的神经节可能是不同的。胡蜂类昆虫的建巢行为直接关系到其蜂群的发展和存活。平唇原胡蜂Prevespa barthelemy (Buysson)隶属于胡蜂科，是一种社会性昆虫。为研究已建造蜂巢的相关生物学特征，对其越冬后蜂巢进行了解剖观察。结果表明：(1)蜂巢中部较大的巢脾为主要的繁殖区；(2)幼虫和工蜂所占比率最高，占全巢各虫态总数的70%左右；(3)巢中成熟个体,除蜂后外其余全部为雌性工蜂；(4)由于当地气候适宜，越冬期的低温虽使其活动能力下降，但不会引起大量死亡，该胡蜂可以在原巢址内越冬。胡蜂类昆虫雌蜂单母建群的过程可以视为是昆虫社群生活起源的短暂重现，对单母建群行为的研究有助于理解昆虫群居生活的发生和发展。通过对焰马蜂Polistis adustus Birgham单母建群过程的观察，结果表明：(1)第一批工蜂羽化前，雌蜂同时担任蜂王和工蜂的职责；(2)各虫态发育历期卵为5-7 d；幼虫13-15 d；蛹为24-28 d；(3) 单母建群时期是决定未来蜂群发展的重要阶段，也是对马蜂类天敌昆虫进行保护和利用的关键时期。; This is the study focus on the feigning death and nest-building behavior of insects. At the first part, the research history and current situations of feigning death (thanatosis) in Insecta was reviewed. Based on the review, we proposed that feigning death has a nature of mimicry. Primary research has been done on death-feigning behavior of adults of Laccotrephes robustus Stål under different active space, and the controlling area of main body parts. The results of indicated that: (1) the time of thanatosis outside water was obviously longer than that in water; (2) the behavioral difference within or outside water was possibly resulted to the adaptation under the different predation pressure and, the fitness will be increased; (3) the head of L. robustus Stål was not necessary for the occurrence of thanatosis. During feigning death, the action of each pair of legs might be controlled by different ganglias. The nest-building behavior of wasps had a direct bearing on the development and survival of the whole colony. For the purpose of studying biological characters of Prevespa barthelemyi (Buysson)’s nest, the structure of it and the habitat were observed in details. The results as below were given: (1) those combs in the middle of nest were the major breeding areas; (2) larvae and workers took up more than 70 percent of the whole nest; (3) all the mature wasps, except the queen, were female workers; (4) in the low temperature wintering period, the activity of wasps decreased to some degrees, mass death didn’t happen; it means, P. barthelemyi (Buysson) could live through the winter in the original nest. The process of haplometrosis in wasps could be seen as a short-term recurrence of original step of social life in insect, and studying on it can contribute to understand the occurrence and development of group living. The findings of research on haplometrosis of Polistis adustus Birgham suggested that: (1) female wasp had functioned as both queen wasp and worker before the first crop of workers emerged; (2) the developmental phases of egg, larval and pupae stage were 5-7, 13-15, 24-28 days respectively; (3) the development of nest depended on haplometrosis, and this stage also good for conservation and utilization of wasps.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/11013
专题	其他
作者单位	中国科学院昆明动物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孟凡明. 昆虫假死性及建巢行为系列研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2009.

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