古白蚁属（Isoptera: Termopsidae）分类及云南某些白蚁种生物学研究

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	古白蚁属（Isoptera: Termopsidae）分类及云南某些白蚁种生物学研究
	何银竹
学位类型	硕士
导师	梁醒财
	2009-06
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
关键词	原白蚁科古白蚁属新记录属分类检索表大白蚁亚科蚁巢伞共生选择
其他摘要	本文研究分为两部分，第一部分主要对原白蚁科古白蚁属及云南大白蚁亚科白蚁进行了分类学研究，第二部分主要是云南地区某些白蚁生物学研究。第一部分：1. 古白蚁属Archotermopsis隶属于等翅目Isoptera，原白蚁科Termopdidae，是中国新记录属，本文详细描述了古白蚁属中国新记录种罗夫顿古白蚁Archotermopsis wronghtoni特征，同时编写了原白蚁属分种检索表以及整理了等翅目分科、原白蚁科分亚科、原白蚁亚科分属检索表。 2. 检视了中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆虫标本馆大白蚁亚科白蚁Macrotermitidae馆藏标本，发现3新记录种，分别为：近三型大白蚁Macrotermes peritrimorphus，海南大白蚁M. hainanensis 和梯头大白蚁M. trapezoides. 第二部分：1. 大白蚁亚科白蚁是一类与蚁巢伞共生的白蚁，作者通过在云南绿春观察大白蚁亚科4种土白蚁的分飞活动，得知：大白蚁亚科不同种类的白蚁分飞孔形状亦不相同，分飞时分布于孔口周围的白蚁型、数目和扩散范围存在差异，这些蚁巢外露部分的特征可以作为白蚁种类识别的辅助依据。 2. 采集了32巢白蚁及其巢上生长的蚁巢伞，结果显示大白蚁亚科每一个白蚁巢仅生长一种蚁巢伞子实体。与小果蚁巢伞共生的白蚁也与其他蚁巢伞共生，据此推测真菌能改变白蚁的行为。对白蚁种类和蚁巢伞种类对应关系研究表明在小地域内，白蚁和蚁巢伞不仅存在属间高度专一性，而且种间也显示较高的共生专一性。 3. 本文还对大白蚁亚科白蚁对蚁巢伞是否存在共生选择进行了初步研究，当海南土白蚁新建巢的第一个工蚁出巢觅食时，提供真根蚁巢伞、盾形蚁巢伞孢子与其取食，结果表明，海南土白蚁工蚁并不仅仅消极的取食含有孢子的木材而获得蚁巢伞，它能主动识别蚁巢伞孢子并取食之，从而增大白蚁新建巢成活的机会。海南土白蚁工蚁对与其共生的真根蚁巢伞孢子的主动取食率为30%，对与其非共生的盾形蚁巢伞孢子的取食率同样为30%，两者取食率无差异，P值为0.634在同时提供两种蚁巢伞孢子的培养皿中，20%白蚁巢的工蚁同时取食了真根蚁巢伞孢子和盾形蚁巢伞孢子，而10%白蚁巢的工蚁仅取食了盾形蚁巢伞孢子，两者取食率也无显著性差异（P=0.376），表明在工蚁出巢觅食这个阶段，白蚁对蚁巢伞并无选择作用。; The dissertation focus on the taxonomy of Archotermopsis (Isoptera: Termopsidae) and the biology of some Termites in Yunnan, China. The genus Archotermopsis (Isoptera: Termopsidae) was firstly reported from China. Keys to family of Isoptera, subfamily of Termopsidae and genera of Termopsisnae were collected in this research. At the same time, the species Archotermopsis wronghtoni was firstly recorded and described in China and a key to species of Archotermopsis was provided. Three species of termite (subfamily: Macrotermidinae ) were firstly reported in Yunnan Province when identifying the specimen of termites at the Kunming Institute of Zoology. These species belong to Macrotermes peritrimorphus , M. hainanensis and M. trapezoides. The research on biology of four species of subfamily Macrotermitinae in Lvchun, Yunnan showed that there were some differences among species of termite in the shape of exit holes, the types, numbers and spreading distance of termites around the exit holes , which can be used as a characteristic of species identification. Our results also demonstrated that only one species of fungus (Termitomyces) could be cultivated within a single termite colony. Termites cultivating Termitomyces microcarpus also had a symbiotic relationship with other fungi of the same genus, from which we can speculate that behavior of termite can be changed when the different fungi were cultivated. In addition, the investigation of interaction between termites and fungi indicate that in the small area, interaction specificity exited not only high at the genus lever, but also high at the species lever. To prove whether there was symbiont choice between Macrotermitinae and Termitomyces, The basidiospores of Termitomyces eurhizus and T. clypeatus were offered to the first worker of Odontermes hainanensis. The result showed the worker got basidiospores not only by feeding on wood over the basidiospores were spread, but also by feeding on them directly. This behavior can increase the survival chance of termites building new colony. Moreover, when only provided the basidiospores of T. eurhizus which O.hainanensis has a symbiontic relationship with, the worker of 30% O.hainanensis’s colonies fed on them; when only provided the basidiospores of T. clypeatus which O.hainanensis has a non-symbiontic relationship with, There were also 30% termite’s colonies in which the worker fed on the basidiospores; When offered two kinds of the basidiospores, the worker of 20% termite’s colonies feed on basidiospores of T. clypeatus and T. eurhizus, while there were 10% colonies in which the worker only fed on basidiospores of T. clypeatus. This result indicate that there is no symbiontic choice between Macrotermitinae and Termitomyces at the stage of finding food of the worker.
学科领域	动物学
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/11014
专题	其他
作者单位	中国科学院昆明动物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	何银竹. 古白蚁属（Isoptera: Termopsidae）分类及云南某些白蚁种生物学研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2009.

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