A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes

	A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes
	Liu, J; Wang, ZJ; Li, J; Xu, LH; Liu, JQ; Feng, SH; Guo, CX; Chen, SC; Ren, ZJ; Rao, JP; Wei, K; Chen, YZ; Jarvis, ED; Zhang, GJ; Zhou, Q
	2021
发表期刊	GENOME RESEARCH
ISSN	1088-9051
卷号	31 期号:3 页码:497-511
摘要	Emu and other ratites are more informative than any other birds in reconstructing the evolution of the ancestral avian or vertebrate karyotype because of their much slower rate of genome evolution. Here, we generated a new chromosome-level genome assembly of a female emu, and estimated the tempo of chromosome evolution across major avian phylogenetic branches, by comparing it to chromosome-level genome assemblies of 11 other bird and one turtle species. We found ratites exhibited the lowest numbers of intraand inter-chromosomal changes among birds since their divergence with turtles. The small-sized and gene-rich emu microchromosomes have frequent inter-chromosomal contacts that are associated with housekeeping genes, which appears to be driven by clustering their centromeres in the nuclear interior, away from the macrochromosomes in the nuclear periphery. Unlike nonratite birds, only less than one-third of the emu W Chromosome regions have lost homologous recombination and diverged between the sexes. The emu W is demarcated into a highly heterochromatic region (WS0) and another recently evolved region (WS1) with only moderate sequence divergence with the Z Chromosome. WS1 has expanded its inactive chromatin compartment, increased chromatin contacts within the region, and decreased contacts with the nearby regions, possibly influenced by the spreading of heterochromatin from WS0. These patterns suggest that alteration of chromatin conformation comprises an important early step of sex chromosome evolution. Overall, our results provide novel insights into the evolution of avian genome structure and sex chromosomes in three-dimensional space.
收录类别	sci
语种	英语
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/13454
专题	科研部门_遗传多样性基因组学研究组（张国捷）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liu, J,Wang, ZJ,Li, J,et al. A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes[J]. GENOME RESEARCH,2021,31(3):497-511.
APA	Liu, J.,Wang, ZJ.,Li, J.,Xu, LH.,Liu, JQ.,...&Zhou, Q.(2021).A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes.GENOME RESEARCH,31(3),497-511.
MLA	Liu, J,et al."A new emu genome illuminates the evolution of genome configuration and nuclear architecture of avian chromosomes".GENOME RESEARCH 31.3(2021):497-511.

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