Flexibility in positional behavior is associated with ecological seasonality in Assamese macaques inhabiting limestone forests

	Flexibility in positional behavior is associated with ecological seasonality in Assamese macaques inhabiting limestone forests
	Qiu, YJ; Liu, GH; Wang, AL; Liu, SY; Nong, SX; Huang, ZH
	2024
发表期刊	EUR J WILDLIFE RES
ISSN	1612-4642
卷号	70 期号:5
摘要	Information on the positional behaviors of primates is essential for understanding the mechanisms of environmental adaptation. From October 2021 to September 2022, we collected data on positional behaviors of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) at Guangxi Nonggang National Nature Reserve, China, using instantaneous scan sampling method. Our results showed that quadrupedal walking (34.99% +/- 6.05%) was adopted as their most frequent locomotor mode, followed by leaping (31.54% +/- 10.50%), climbing (25.55% +/- 11.33%), quadrupedal running (6.55% +/- 2.65%) and bridging (1.37% +/- 1.19%). The ground (36.83% +/- 21.18%) was the most frequently used stratum during moving. Most arboreal locomotion occurred on small (44.06% +/- 11.36%) and medium (34.90% +/- 11.09%) sized substrates. Sitting (81.19% +/- 10.47%) was used as their most common postures, followed by holding (6.38% +/- 9.97%), quadrupedal standing (3.70% +/- 3.03%), bipedal standing (3.54% +/- 1.84%), sprawling (3.17% +/- 6.45%), suspending (1.88% +/- 1.19%) and lying (0.14% +/- 0.21%). Positional behaviors seasonally vary with habitat structure, and distribution of food resources. The macaques used climbing more frequently in the fruit-lean season (dry season) than in the fruit-rich season (rainy season), which could be related to reducing energy expenditure in the dry season. In addition, they adopted holding and lying together to conserve energy and stabilize intergroup relationships. In conclusion, Assamese macaques adapt to limestone forests with positional behavior flexibility in response to seasonality. Our findings highlight the necessity to understand the effects of ecological factors on the behavioral ecology and adaptations of Assamese macaques in their unique limestone forest habitats.
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/14666
专题	科研部门_兽类生态与进化（蒋学龙）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Qiu, YJ,Liu, GH,Wang, AL,et al. Flexibility in positional behavior is associated with ecological seasonality in Assamese macaques inhabiting limestone forests[J]. EUR J WILDLIFE RES,2024,70(5).
APA	Qiu, YJ,Liu, GH,Wang, AL,Liu, SY,Nong, SX,&Huang, ZH.(2024).Flexibility in positional behavior is associated with ecological seasonality in Assamese macaques inhabiting limestone forests.EUR J WILDLIFE RES,70(5).
MLA	Qiu, YJ,et al."Flexibility in positional behavior is associated with ecological seasonality in Assamese macaques inhabiting limestone forests".EUR J WILDLIFE RES 70.5(2024).

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