Behavioral Responses of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) to Variations in Food Availability and Climatic Factors in Longrui, Guangxi, China

	Behavioral Responses of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) to Variations in Food Availability and Climatic Factors in Longrui, Guangxi, China
	Liu, GH; Wang, AL; Nong, DP; Nong, SX; Huang, ZH
	2024
发表期刊	INT J PRIMATOL
ISSN	0164-0291
摘要	Investigating adaptive responses to environmental variables can shed light on how animals survive in a particular environment. We examined changes in the diet and activity budget of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in a limestone forest in response to variation in food availability and climate. We collected behavioral data via scan sampling from October 2021 to September 2022. Macaques fed on 157 food items obtained from 99 plant species. Macaques were primarily folivorous; their diet comprised five categories of plant foods: young leaves (59% +/- SD 20%), mature leaves (7% +/- 8%), fruits (30% +/- 25%), flowers (4% +/- 6%), and stems (1% +/- 1%). They consumed more fruits in the rainy season than in the dry season and more young leaves in the dry season than in the rainy season. The consumption of young leaves increased with decreasing temperature and day length, whereas fruit consumption increased when temperature and day length increased. The consumption of mature leaves increased with humidity. The macaques spent most of their time feeding and moving. The proportion of time spent resting was significantly reduced in the rainy season compared with the dry season. The proportion of time spent moving increased with the consumption of flowers and fruits. Moreover, the proportion of time spent moving decreased and the proportion of time spent grooming time increased when temperatures decreased. These results indicated that macaques' diet and activity budgets change seasonally. They suggest that macaques maximized feeding benefits using a high-cost, high-yield strategy during the rainy season. Conversely, they used a low-cost, low-yield strategy to conserve energy during the dry season. Our findings suggest that Assamese macaques show flexible behavior in response to variation in food availability and weather conditions in a seasonal limestone habitat.
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/14667
专题	科研部门_兽类生态与进化（蒋学龙）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Liu, GH,Wang, AL,Nong, DP,et al. Behavioral Responses of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) to Variations in Food Availability and Climatic Factors in Longrui, Guangxi, China[J]. INT J PRIMATOL,2024.
APA	Liu, GH,Wang, AL,Nong, DP,Nong, SX,&Huang, ZH.(2024).Behavioral Responses of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) to Variations in Food Availability and Climatic Factors in Longrui, Guangxi, China.INT J PRIMATOL.
MLA	Liu, GH,et al."Behavioral Responses of Assamese Macaques (Macaca assamensis) to Variations in Food Availability and Climatic Factors in Longrui, Guangxi, China".INT J PRIMATOL (2024).

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