Craniodental Variation of Macaques (Macaca):Size,Function and Phylogeny

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	Craniodental Variation of Macaques (Macaca):Size,Function and Phylogeny
其他题名	猕猴属种间颅骨差异的探讨
	Pan RL 1,2; Charles O 1
	2000
发表期刊	动物学研究
卷号	21 期号:4 页码:308-322
合作性质	其它
摘要	In order to analyze skull variation in the genus Macaca,seventy-seven craniodental variables were taken from eleven species.They were first defined seven functional units comprising three anatomical regions.Twenty-seven variables were finally selected to carry out the morphology of the whole skull.The data,organized in these ways,were examined to discover variations between and within the various species.The methods used were Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA).PCAs of the functional units anatomical regions,and the whole skull provided similar,though not identical,separations of species clusters in both sexes separately.These differences in structure could be related to size,sexual dimorphism,diet,ecology,classification and phylogeny.The question of size should have been easy to settle.Unfortunately,this is not the case.In this study where the raw data are measurements of the specimens,the main differences should be size.However,the size differences seem to occur in both the first and second (independent) multivariate axes.In some analyses the size differences between the species are biggest and appear in the first axis.In other analyses it is the separation between the sexes (and these too are largely size) that are the biggest and appear in the first axis.Yet in other analyses,both of these size separations,though still orthogonal to one another,present in the combination of the first two axes.This certainly implies that a single axis of body size is not present and that shape differences have not been isolated form size differences.It also implies that sexual dimorphism is a complex matter.As a result,the question of the relationships between the species is therefore also complex.One cluster of species that includes M.fascicularis,M.sinica and M.radiata was significantly isolated from all others regardless of level of analysis.This relationship is quite different from that proposed on the anatomy of the reproductive organs (Delson,1980;Fooden,1976,1980).
其他摘要	为了研究猕猴属的颅骨差异性 ,从而探讨种间在形态、功能和系统分化方面的相互联系 ,测定了 11个猕猴种类的 77个颅骨变量 ,用于主成分分析和判别分析。应用巢式分析方法 ,分析过程包括 3个步骤。所有变量根据功能和部位的不同首先分为 7个单位 :下颌、下颌齿、上颌齿、上面颅、下面颅、面颅后部和颅腔。第 2步根据它们所揭示的相似性 (具有相同的种间及种内差异性类型 )合并为 3个解剖区域 :咀嚼器官 (下颌、下颌齿、上颌齿 ) ,面颅 (上面颅和下面颅 )和整个面颅后 (面颅后和颅腔 )。第 3步从 3个解剖区域筛选出 2 7个变量代表整个颅骨的形态结构。除了寻找不同的功能单位 ,解剖区域及总的颅骨具有不同的种间和种内差异类型外 ,此过程对筛出研究意义不大的变量起很重要的作用。上述分析过程分别用于对雌、雄性和两性的研究。所研究的 11个猕猴种类间形成了 3聚类。第 1类包括食蟹猴 (Macacafascicularis)、戴帽猴 (M sinica)和头巾猴 (M radiata) ;第 2类包括猕猴 (M mulatta)、熊猴(M assensis)、平顶猴 (M nemestrina)和黑猿(M nigra) ;第 3类包括蛮猴 (M sylvanus)、日本猴 (M fuscata)、短尾猴 (M arctoides)和藏酋猴 (M thibetana)。分别从两性差异、食物、生态、分类和系统分化方面进行?
关键词	Primates Macaca Craniodental Variation Morphometric Analysis Functional Adaptation Phylogeny
资助者	澳大利亚研究院和中国科学院资助 ; 澳大利亚研究院和中国科学院资助
收录类别	其他
语种	英语
资助者	澳大利亚研究院和中国科学院资助 ; 澳大利亚研究院和中国科学院资助
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/1559
专题	其他
作者单位	1.Department of Anatomy and Human Biology,the University of Western Australia,Western Australia,Australia 2.Kunming Institute of Zoology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Pan RL,Charles O. Craniodental Variation of Macaques (Macaca):Size,Function and Phylogeny[J]. 动物学研究,2000,21(4):308-322.
APA	Pan RL,&Charles O.(2000).Craniodental Variation of Macaques (Macaca):Size,Function and Phylogeny.动物学研究,21(4),308-322.
MLA	Pan RL,et al."Craniodental Variation of Macaques (Macaca):Size,Function and Phylogeny".动物学研究 21.4(2000):308-322.

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