Trade-off between reciprocal mutualists: local resource availability-oriented interaction in fig/fig wasp mutualism

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	Trade-off between reciprocal mutualists: local resource availability-oriented interaction in fig/fig wasp mutualism
	Wang RW*1; Shi LM 2; Ai SM 1,3; Zheng Q 1,4; wangrw@mail.kiz.ac.cn
	2008
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
ISSN	0021-8790
卷号	77 期号:3 页码:616-623
合作性质	其它
摘要	The mechanisms that prevent competition (conflict) between the recipient and co-operative actor in co-operative systems remain one of the greatest problems for evolutionary biology. Previous hypotheses suggest that self-restraint, dispersal or spatial constraints can prevent direct competition for local resources or any other common resources, thereby maintaining stable co-operation interactions. In this study, we use the obligate fig-fig-wasp mutualism to examine whether the above mechanisms can maintain stable co-operation sufficiently between figs and fig wasps. Our data on obligate co-operation between figs (Ficus racemosa Linn.) and fig wasps (Ceratoslen fusciceps Mayr) show that the number of viable seeds of figs is positively correlated with the number of pollinator offspring when the number of vacant female flowers is high while the foundress number is low (two foundresses). Meanwhile, they are negatively correlated when the number of vacant female flowers is low and the number of foundresses is increased manually (eight foundresses). The correlation coefficient between viable seeds and wasp offspring (galls) depends on vacant female flower availability. Our data suggest that the interaction between figs and fig wasps is conditional, and that they co-operate when local resource availability is plentiful but are in conflict when local resource availability is limited. The self-restraint, dispersal and spatial heterogeneity previously hypothesized in maintaining stable co-operation cannot sufficiently prevent the symbionts from utilizing more local resources at the expense of the recipients. The conflict, which can disrupt the co-operation interaction, exists after the local resource is saturated with symbionts. The repression of symbiont increase, therefore repressing the utilization of local resources in the conflict period, is crucial in the maintenance and evolution of co-operation.
关键词	Conflict Co-operation Fig Mutualism Repression Trade-off
资助者	This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051).
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收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助者	This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051). ; This programme was supported by National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30670272, 10761010, 30770500, 30300051).
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/2757
专题	实验与理论生态学细胞与分子进化重点实验室
通讯作者	wangrw@mail.kiz.ac.cn
作者单位	1.Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China 2.Statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan 650221, China 3.Department of Mathematics, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan 650201, China 4.Graduate School of Kunming Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang RW*,Shi LM,Ai SM,et al. Trade-off between reciprocal mutualists: local resource availability-oriented interaction in fig/fig wasp mutualism[J]. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY,2008,77(3):616-623.
APA	Wang RW*,Shi LM,Ai SM,Zheng Q,&wangrw@mail.kiz.ac.cn.(2008).Trade-off between reciprocal mutualists: local resource availability-oriented interaction in fig/fig wasp mutualism.JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY,77(3),616-623.
MLA	Wang RW*,et al."Trade-off between reciprocal mutualists: local resource availability-oriented interaction in fig/fig wasp mutualism".JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY 77.3(2008):616-623.

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