Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques

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	Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques
	Zhao QK
	1996
发表期刊	PRIMATES
ISSN	0032-8332
卷号	37 期号:2 页码:135-143
合作性质	其它
摘要	Event-sampling and scans were used for collecting data on male-infant-male triadic interactions, and their effects on member spacing respectively in a group of Macaca thibetana at Mt. Emei in 1989. The group was partially provisioned by human visitors in seasons other than winter, and could be observed closely. In addition, a stable linear male-hierarchy among five males existed for two years since the end of 1987, providing a good social condition for this topic. The triadic interactions were specific to the birth season, and recognized as three types being on a continuum functionally changing from passive ''agonistic buffering'' (4.8%) to active spatial cohesion, which resulted in a significant decline of intermale distances. Positive correlations were documented between the triad initiation rate and the number of females in consort with the males in the mating season (MS), and between the triad reception rate and the number of infants in proximity to the males in the MS when maternal care was significantly reduced. Thus the male's mating effort and kin/sexual selection may deeply be involved in the triad of this species. Considering that the two triad-species, M. sylvanus and M. thibetana, had different levels of paternity, but shared similar foraging conditions, and showed similar intensities of male-infant caretaking, the triad was very likely a byproduct of male-infant caretaking, which was probably shaped to compensate heavy maternal investment to young offspring in harsh conditions. Accordingly, the long-term arguments about the triad in M. sylvanus can be united to a model of the way in which ''male-infant caretaking'' hypothesis works ultimately, and ''regulating social relations'' hypothesis does proximately.
关键词	Agonistic Buffering Ecological Adaptation Macaca Thibetana Male-infant Caretaking Male-infant-male Interaction
资助者	This study was supported mainly by the National Geographic Society (grant 4022-89), partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 38970147), and the Wenner- Gren Foundation (grant 4739). ; This study was supported mainly by the National Geographic Society (grant 4022-89), partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 38970147), and the Wenner- Gren Foundation (grant 4739).
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收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助者	This study was supported mainly by the National Geographic Society (grant 4022-89), partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 38970147), and the Wenner- Gren Foundation (grant 4739). ; This study was supported mainly by the National Geographic Society (grant 4022-89), partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 38970147), and the Wenner- Gren Foundation (grant 4739).
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/5115
专题	其他
作者单位	Conservation Biology Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhao QK. Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques[J]. PRIMATES,1996,37(2):135-143.
APA	Zhao QK.(1996).Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques.PRIMATES,37(2),135-143.
MLA	Zhao QK."Male-infant-male interactions in Tibetan macaques".PRIMATES 37.2(1996):135-143.

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