Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China

	Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China
	Fan PF 1,2; Xiao W 1; Huo S 1; Jiang XL*2; jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn
	2009
发表期刊	AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
ISSN	0275-2565
卷号	71 期号:7 页码:539-547
合作性质	其它
摘要	We used data on loud duetted and solo songs collected from one habituated polygynous group of black-crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) on Mt. Wuliang, Yunnan, to test several hypotheses about the functions of these songs. The major functions proposed for loud gibbon songs include resource defense, mate defense, pairbonding, group cohesion and mate attraction. Duet bouts are generally initiated by adult males, who select the highest trees near to ridges or on steep slopes as singing trees. Such trees facilitate voice transmission and inter-group communication. Singing trees tended to be located near important food patches and sleeping sites, which supports the resource defense hypothesis. The adult male and two adult females always sang interactively, alternating male phrases with the females' stereotyped great calls, to produce the duets, and females rarely produced great calls if they were more than 30 m from the male. The two females usually produced great calls synchronously during the duet, especially when they were close together. These features support both the mate defense and pairbonding hypotheses. The number of great calls and their degree of synchrony transmit information about spatial relationships and possibly pairbond strength to members to neighboring groups and floating animals. During or after the duet bouts, the adult females and juvenile moved toward to the adult male; and group members maintained a close spatial relationship, which supports the group cohesion hypothesis. Other incidents observed suggest a mate competition role for duets. The adult male always sang when the females started duetting with the subadult male. The subadult male sang solo bouts, but they were not more frequent or longer than bouts initiated by the adult male. Although mate attraction is the likely function of subadult solos, it was not convincingly demonstrated. In conclusion, all hypotheses concerning the function of singing are supported by at least some of the data, and none can be excluded.
关键词	Singing Behavior Singing Trees Black Crested Gibbon Nomascus Concolor Functional Hypothesis
学科领域	Zoology
资助者	National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840.
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助者	National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840. ; National Basic Research Program of China; Contract grant number: ]2007CB411600; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: ]30670270; Contract grant sponsor: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Contract grant number: ]KSCX2-SW-119; Contract grant sponsor: Dali University; Contract grant number: KY430840.
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/5689
专题	科研部门_兽类生态与进化（蒋学龙）遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室
通讯作者	jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn
作者单位	1.Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Dali University, Yunnan, China 2.Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fan PF,Xiao W,Huo S,et al. Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China[J]. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY,2009,71(7):539-547.
APA	Fan PF,Xiao W,Huo S,Jiang XL*,&jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn.(2009).Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China.AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY,71(7),539-547.
MLA	Fan PF,et al."Singing Behavior and Singing Functions of Black-Crested Gibbons (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) at Mt. Wuliang, Central Yunnan, China".AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 71.7(2009):539-547.

条目包含的文件
文件名称/大小	文献类型	版本类型	开放类型	使用许可
2009717539.pdf（112KB）	期刊论文	出版稿	开放获取	CC BY-NC-SA	请求全文