Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China

	Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China
	Fan PF 1,2; Jiang XL*2; jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn
	2010
发表期刊	INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
ISSN	0164-0291
卷号	31 期号:1 页码:37634
合作性质	其它
摘要	Many short-term studies have reported groups of black crested gibbons containing >= 2 adult females (Nomascus concolor). We report the stability of multifemale groups in this species over a period of 6 yr. Our focal group and 2 neighboring groups included 2 breeding females between March 2003 and June 2009. We also habituated 1 multifemale group to observers and present detailed information concerning their social relationships over a 9-mo observation period. We investigated interindividual distances and agonistic behavior among the 5 group members. The spatial relationship between the 3 adult members (1 male, 2 females) formed an equilateral triangle. A subadult male was peripheral to the focal group, while a juvenile male maintained a closer spatial relationship with the adult members. We observed little agonistic behavior among the adult members. The close spatial relationship and lack of high rates of agonistic behavior among females suggest that the benefits of living in a multifemale group were equal to or greater than the costs for both females, given their ecological and social circumstances. The focal group occupied a large home range that was likely to provide sufficient food sources for the 2 females and their offspring. Between March 2003 and June 2009, 1 adult female gave 2 births and the other one gave 1 birth. All individuals in the focal group survived to June 2009. A long-term comparative study focused on females living in multifemale groups and females living in pair-living groups would provide insight into understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of the social system in gibbons.
关键词	Agonistic Gibbon Multifemale Nomascus Concolor Spatial Distance Yunnan
学科领域	Zoology
资助者	support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270).
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收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助者	support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270). ; support provided by The National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2007CB411600), Doctoral Funding from Dali University (no. KY430840), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 30670270).
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/5705
专题	科研部门_兽类生态与进化（蒋学龙）遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室
通讯作者	jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn
作者单位	1.Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, People’s Republic of China 2.State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, People’s Republic of China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Fan PF,Jiang XL*,jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn. Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China[J]. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY,2010,31(1):37634.
APA	Fan PF,Jiang XL*,&jiangxl@mail.kiz.ac.cn.(2010).Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY,31(1),37634.
MLA	Fan PF,et al."Maintenance of Multifemale Social Organization in a Group of Nomascus concolor at Wuliang Mountain, Yunnan, China".INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY 31.1(2010):37634.

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