Seasonal changes in the trade-off among fig-supported wasps and viable seeds in figs and their evolutionary implications

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	Seasonal changes in the trade-off among fig-supported wasps and viable seeds in figs and their evolutionary implications
	Wang RW*1,2; Yang JX 1; Yang DR 3; ruiwukiz@hotmail.com
	2005
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
ISSN	1672-9072
卷号	47 期号:2 页码:144-152
合作性质	其它
摘要	What the real trade-off is among fig-supported wasps and the viable seeds of figs is heatedly debated in the studies of fig/fig wasp mutualism. In the present study, we collected wasp offspring (galls) and the viable seeds of premature fruits, and determined the foundress number in receptive fruits and all the types of wasps supported by Ficus racemosa L. during both the rainy and dry seasons in Xishuangbanna, China. The data show that the galls were positively correlated with viable seeds (n=32;r=0.74; P < 0.001) when the proportion of vacant female flowers (PVFF) was high, in April (68.0%), and were negatively correlated with viable seeds (n=48;r=-0.59; P < 0.05) when PVFF were limited (PVFF 42.6%) during a colder month (January). The mean foundress number per fruit during the colder months is significantly lower than during the warmer months (F-5,F-603 = 27.9; P < 0.001) and pollinator wasps can live longer during the colder months, During the colder months, the proportions of non-pollinators and wasp offspring are higher than those found during other months, whereas the proportion of viable seeds is not different compared with that of other months. Non-pollinator wasps tend to oviposit the female flowers that have been oviposited by pollinator wasps. The non-pollinators only negatively affect pollinator wasps and there is no obvious negative effect of non-pollinator wasps on viable seeds, so ovipositing by non-pollinator wasps will not result in the extinction of the figs during the process of evolution. The results of the present study indicate that figs can allow less foundresses to be in fruit cavities when PVFF are limited, which provides supporting evidence for the previous assumption that the plants have developed a mechanism to maintain a stable system because of the conflicts between the parties involved.
关键词	Pollinator Seasonal Change Trade-off Xishuangbanna Ficus Racemosa L. Mutualism Non-pollinator
资助者	Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103)
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收录类别	其他
语种	英语
资助者	Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103) ; Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30300051) and the State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (2003CB145103)
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/5747
专题	实验与理论生态学科研部门_系统进化与生物地理学（杨君兴）
通讯作者	ruiwukiz@hotmail.com
作者单位	1.Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China 2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3.Kunming Section, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang RW*,Yang JX,Yang DR,et al. Seasonal changes in the trade-off among fig-supported wasps and viable seeds in figs and their evolutionary implications[J]. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY,2005,47(2):144-152.
APA	Wang RW*,Yang JX,Yang DR,&ruiwukiz@hotmail.com.(2005).Seasonal changes in the trade-off among fig-supported wasps and viable seeds in figs and their evolutionary implications.JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY,47(2),144-152.
MLA	Wang RW*,et al."Seasonal changes in the trade-off among fig-supported wasps and viable seeds in figs and their evolutionary implications".JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 47.2(2005):144-152.

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