间隙分析方法在滇西北及其邻近地区的应用

KIZ OpenIR > 生殖与发育生物学

	间隙分析方法在滇西北及其邻近地区的应用
其他题名	A Preliminary Gap Analysis Study and Application in Northwest Yunnan and Its Neighbourhood
	任国鹏
学位类型	博士
导师	季维智 ; 朱建国 ; 朱阿兴
	2007-08
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	间隙分析山区林地制图生境保护优先地区
摘要	1993年以来，在生物局的协调和推动下，美国各州相继开展间隙分析项目。随后，间隙分析项目在加拿大、意大利、埃及等多个国家广泛开展。经过多年的发展，其经验和方法可为我国所借鉴。植被与动物分布制图，以及保护优先地区评估，是间隙分析项目的几项主要任务。本研究将探讨在高山峡谷地区完成这些任务的方法。山区植被制图一直是遥感制图领域的难点。在发展中国家，由于缺乏高质量的数字地形图，问题显得尤为突出。为提高山区林地制图效率与准确度，我们提出一种基于Landsat卫星影像的准自动化分类方法。按WRS-2 (the World Reference System-2)分幅系统和地形，将大面积的项目区划分为若干子区域。通过对Landsat影像进行光谱增强处理，使用ISODATA分类方法，依次将各个子区域划分为林地和非林地。接着，集成粗分辨率地形数据和Landsat ETM+ 影像，使用基于原型的最大似然分类方法，将林地划分为不同的林型。在云南西北部地区应用这种分类方法，滇西北四县的林地覆盖图总体准确率高达96.8％，两个实验子区域的林地分类图的总体制图准确度也分别达80.0％和82.9％。结果证明，我们提出的分层分类方法，能提高山区林地制图的效率与准确度，可向整个横断山地区推广。动物生境研究在生物多样性保护研究和实践中具有重要作用和意义。2007年5月，我们在西藏芒康小昌都村进行雉类生境研究考察。其间，我们初步分析了白马鸡觅食生境特征。按不同坡向和地貌，分别调查了15条沟谷和3条山脊的白马鸡刨食痕迹。结果显示，白马鸡春季偏好于东坡、西坡3800－4000 m海拔范围的冷杉林沟谷觅食，但回避北坡。结果暗示，水热条件是影响白马鸡觅食地选择的重要因子。为了使有限的保护资源发挥最大的作用，我们使用层次分析法建立了一个保护优先地区评估模型。此模型综合不同评价标准，既考虑了珍稀濒危物种，也关注了普通物种，可定量评估各地理单元的保护优先度。通过输入鸟、兽分布历史资料（标本和文献），使用本模型评价了滇西北15县的动物保护优先度，结果显示，贡山、丽江、泸水、香格里拉、福贡、德钦和维西等县市具有较高的动物保护优先度。
其他摘要	Gap analysis Program was promoted by the National Biological Service of USA in 1993. Many other countries such as Canada, Italy, and Egypt et al., have conducted such programs since then. The conservation of biodiversity in China could be benefited from their experiences. The distribution mapping of vegetation and animal species are the main tasks of Gap Analysis Projects, as well as priority areas assessment. We explored the approaches to accomplishing these missions in steep mountainous terrain. Vegetation mapping is rather difficult in the mountainous terrain. This problem is more serious with the absence of high quality digital elevation models (DEM) in the developing countries. In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency in the mountainous terrain, we developed a semi-automatic hierarchical approach to mapping forest. A large project area should be stratified into several subregions according to the World Reference System-2 and topographic conditions. Based on the Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery that was spectrally enhanced, each subregion was classified into forest and non-forest areas by using ISODATA algorithm. By incorporation coarse topographic data into the classification process, further classification of the forest area was performed by using a prototype based maximum likelihood classification algorithm. As a case study in the Northwest Yunnan province, a very high relief area, the overall accuracy is 96.8% for the forest cover map of the four counties. The overall accuracies of further forest classification maps in the two experimental subregions are 80.0% and 82.9%. The results indicate that the hierarchical classification approach can improve the mapping accuracy and efficiency in the mountainous terrain and it could be applied in the whole Hengduan mountain area. Studies on the relationships between animal species and their habitat have important values to biodiversity conservation research and application. A preliminary study of Gallinacean habitat was conducted at Xiaochangdu, Mangkang, Tibet, in May 2007. During this period, we studied the foraging habitat characters of the white-eared pheasant. Eighteen line transects were set according to the slope aspect and topographic condition. The results show that the white-eared pheasant prefers to forage in the valleys, especially in the east and west slopes, with the elevation range of 3800-4000 m. And this species avoid foraging in the North Slope. It may indicate from our survey that the white-eared pheasant was influenced by the heat and moist to select the foraging habitat. In order to make a full use of the limited resource, we established a model to assess conservation priority areas by using Analytic Hierarchy Process. With the input of the mammal and bird historical distribution data, the conservation priorities of the 15 counties of NW Yunnan were assessed by using this model. The result shows that Gongshan, Lijiang, Lushui, Shangrila, Fugong, Deqin, and Weixi, et al, have high conservation priorities in sequence. This model can be used at different scales in difference region if the data were available. Keywords: gap analysis, mountainous terrain, forest mapping, conservation priority area
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6132
专题	生殖与发育生物学科研部门_生态学与环境保护中心（俞维理）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	任国鹏. 间隙分析方法在滇西北及其邻近地区的应用[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2007.

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