云南龙马山黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）的食性、生境利用及保护

	云南龙马山黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）的食性、生境利用及保护
	霍晟
学位类型	博士
导师	杨君兴
	2005-07
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	黑白仰鼻猴龙马山食性生境利用走廊生境丧失保护
摘要	从2003年12月至2005年1月，我在黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）分布区的南端（26.23o N, 99.25o E，海拔2700-3600 m）运用直接观察法与食物遗迹法收集了龙马山群（大约80只）的生境利用和食性数据。通过种内及种间比较，评估该种的食性与栖息地特化程度。龙马山群春季偏好落叶阔叶树的嫩芽与花；春末夏初偏好竹笋；秋季偏好果实；冬季偏好壳斗科的种子。全年的食用植物共计27科52属97种，多于中部和北部猴群利用的种数。与疣猴亚科其他成员的食谱相比，这个数目仍然偏大。龙马山群的生境利用方式可归纳如下：(1)家域被山脊分割为5个相对独立的斑块，斑块之间走廊状况差；(2)进入地图方格（250 m x 250 m）数与观察天数的关联曲线呈台阶状上升，在120个观察日前后达到渐近线；(3)年家域面积约为9.56 km2，个体密度约8.5只 / km2；(4)冬季与春季生境利用模式相似；(5)夏季仅充分利用1个斑块；(6)平均利用海拔高度为3023.75m。考虑到（1）北端（西藏小昌都）猴群的食用植物种数为20，而中部（云南维西塔城）是59种；（2）地衣类的取食时间（树冠或以树冠为主的扫描观察）在北端是82.1％，而中部是60％；（3）龙马山群具高度生境选择性，全部家域在针阔混交林范围内。由此可以得出结论，黑白仰鼻猴的食性，以及相应的生境需求并没有特化。北方猴群当前的食物与生境的‘不寻常’状态，或多或少是无可奈何的生态适应。与位于西藏芒康县的米拉卡群比较，龙马山群所受到的人类干扰主要是生境的破坏与丧失，而米拉卡群面临的主要为偷猎。尽快建立保护区，禁止烧山毁林，实施巡护制度，杜绝偷猎是龙马山群避免灭绝的唯一出路。
其他摘要	Data on diet and habitat use were collected using direct observation and food remnants method for a subpopulation of black and white snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) at Mt. Longma (26.23o N, 99.25o E，heitht between 2700-3600 m asl), the southernmost site of the species’ distribution area from December 2003 to January 2005 and compare the results with inter- and intraspecies to examine whether they are a specified colobine. The Longma subpopulation were apt to seclect for buds and flowers of broad leaf trees in spring; for bamboo shoots at the end of spring and at the beginning of summer; for fruits in autumn and for acorns of Fagaceae in winter. The diet includes 97 plant species (excluding fungi), belong to 52 genera in 27 families. It’s much more than that of the other two subpopulations living at the north and the middle part of the distribution area. Compare with the other members in colobinae our category is even somewhat larger. The habitat use mode of Longma subpopulation is species- and site-specific: 1) the whole habitat was devided into five relatively independent patches that conjuncted by the corridors which is in poor condition; 2) the curve for the cumulative number of map cells (250 m x 250 m) had been entered by monkeys in relation to the observation days rised stepwise and reached an asymptote after about the 120 observation days; 3) The annual home range size is 9.56km2 with the population density is 8.5 individuals / km2; 4) the habitat use mode in spring and in summer is similar maybe resulting from the relatively high daytime temperature and the monkeys’ effort to search the high quality food resources; 5) The monkeys only made the most of use of one habitat patch in summer 2004; 6) The average altitude used by the snub-nosed monkey at Mt. Longma is 3023.75m. Considering 1) The food plant specices of northern black and white snub-nosed monkey group (Xiaochangdu group in Tibet) are 20 and that of middle group (Tacheng group at Weixi county in Yunnan) are 59; 2) The time ratio fed on lichens (scan the animals in crown) account for 82.1% in northern group and 60% in middle group; 3) The Mt. Longma group exhibited high selection of habitat and all its habitat is located in the conifer and broad leaf mixed forests. So we reached conclusion that the diet and habitat requirement are not specialization. The abnormal diet and habitat state of northern groups is somewhat just ecological adaptation under have no alternative. Habitat destruction and bankrupt are main threat to Longma group compare with poaching to Milaka group which is located in Mangkang county, Tibet. The only way to avoid distinction of Longma group is to build a nature reserve and then implement a set of conservation measure such as fire forbidden and forest patrolling.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6158
专题	科研部门_系统进化与生物地理学（杨君兴）其他
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	霍晟. 云南龙马山黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）的食性、生境利用及保护[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2005.

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