Fundamental studies towards the application of the olfactory conditioning of honey bee (Apis mellifera) / Effect of co-administration of morphine and cholinergic antagonists on Y-maze spatial recognition memory retrieval and locomotor activity in mice
Part1. Fundamental studies towards the application of the olfactory conditioning of honey bee (Apis mellifera) Specific odor detection plays an important role in scout for policemen. In order to compensate the limits of the police dog and the detecting devices, honey bees were considered for the potential odor detection ability according to their outstanding olfactory conditioning performance. In the first experiment, we studied the difference between the honey bees from two different adopted ways in olfactory conditioning abilities. Then, we managed to train honey bees to learn Ac odor at the extreme low concentration (3.6×10-7). More details see below. 1) Two ways for adopting honey bees; 1. Bees naturally developed in the comb, and then were caught at the entrance of the nest for experiment, or 2. Bees emerged in an artificially well controlled chest, and were adopted in a cage for 7 days. In the experiment, we trained the bees from the two adopting ways to study Ac CS+/ mint CS-, or lemon CS+/ mint CS-, thus together 4 groups were conducted. Each group went through the same manipulation order; “acquiring (CS+), consolidation (CS-/CS+ CS+/CS- CS-/CS+), test, and clean air false-positive test”. We found 1) the odor preference was only observed in the naturally developed bees towards lemon (pre-conditioning PER% to lemon: 41%, other 3 groups’ PER% to CS+ were around 10% at the beginning of training which was consistent to the spontaneous level). 2) Artificially adopted groups showed higher correct% (CS+/CS- rightly reacted bees’ number / group’s totality×100%) than the naturally developed bees. (Ac+/mint-: artificially adopted bees 96% n= 32, naturally developed bees 66% n=25, P<0.01; lemon+/mint-: artificially adopted bees 80% n= 32, naturally developed bees 50% n=20, 0.01
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