| 其他摘要 | Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is considered one of the most endangered primates in the world; habitat alternation is concluded to be one important reason for their population decrease. Detecting their potential habitat in Hainan island can afford basic information for a further conservation plan, change reason and dynamic of their habitat are also needed for a recent restore schedule. The remote sense and geographic information systematic technique were used to analyze Hainan gibbon habitat situation for above two objectivities. The mature mountain rain forest and valley rain forest are their high-quality habitat, These two kinds of forest is interpreted from remote sense image as “mature forest”.We analyzed dynamic of forest on Hainan island by using Landsat images of 1991 and 2001, compared the number and area of different mature forest patches, and compared four fragmentation index in the southern 12 counties in Hainan island (where is Hainan gibbons’ historically distribution area), then we compared the area of natural forest and artificial forest, as well as the Change rate of mature forest in different elevation belt. The results showed that mature forest decrease by 32% from 1991 to 2001(decreased from 157927 hm2 to 107597 hm2), and 10 hm2, 25 hm2, 50 hm2, 100 hm2, 200 hm2 large patches all decrease both in their numbers and area. The decrease rate of mature forest is lower in protected area, and lower in provincial nature reserve than in national nature reserve .During this period of time, mature forest become more fragmented ,which included the decrease of mean patch area, increase of patch density, decrease of Euclidean nearest distance among patches and decrease of the percent of largest patch area. Statistical analysis shows the agriculture population, agriculture output value are significantly and negtively correlated with mature forest area (R =-0.534 P＜0.01；R =-0.512 P＜0.01); the agriculture population is significantly and positively correlated with artificial forest area and crop land area(R =0.611 P＜0.05；R =0.759, P＜ 0.05).Which suggest the habitat alternation was a result of population growth and local economical development leaded by national policy. The area of different forest and decrease rate of mature forest on different elevation belt also validated the human disturbance on ecosystem, the decrease rate of mature forest is 36% in elevation 0－ 800 m and 23% in elevation 800－1400 m. The artificial forest occupies much larger area than natural forest in elevation of 0－800 m, in higher elevation ,natural forest has a larger area than artificial forest. It was concluded that the decrease of habitat in low elevation drive Hainan gibbon to the brink of extinction in a short time. We predicted the spatial configuration of Hainan gibbon’s potential habitat from mature forest area and distance among patches. According to the result, most of their potential habitat lies in nature reserve except four large patches in Baimaling, Nangaoling, Baolong and Exianling. According to the result, we suggest that local government should enforce the population control policy, implement natural forest protection law, and try to improve forest quality in low land. We also suggest building four new nature reserves in Baimaling, Nangaoling, Baolong and Exianling, and lift Yinggeling from provincial nature reserve to national nature reserve. Bawangling nature reserve lies between Chanjiang and Baisha counties is the only known distribution site of Hainan gibbon, Hainan gibbon just range in the small nuclear area of the nature reserve, and their habitat is interrupted by two roads. Lowland native tree species were suggested to be planted in the Bawangling nature reserve for a recently restore plan. We also suggested stop to use the two roads run through the nature reserve. |
修改评论