金丝厂黑白仰鼻猴Rhinopithecus bieti 的生境植被、食性、家域和社会组织

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	金丝厂黑白仰鼻猴Rhinopithecus bieti 的生境植被、食性、家域和社会组织
其他题名	Habitat, Diet, Range Use and Social Organization of Rhinopithecus bieti at Jingsichang
	杨士剑
学位类型	博士
导师	赵其昆
	2000
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
关键词	黑白仰鼻猴食性社会组织温带灵长类生境植被
摘要	在黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）分布区南段的金丝厂（99o37’E，26o50’N），野外工作分别于1997年11 – 12月（代表秋季）、1998年4 – 5月（冬春季）、9 – 10月（夏季）进行。我们分别以中点象限法和样地法、粪斑计数法、直接观察法、粪便食物残片计数法收集植被结构、生境利用、猴群年龄-性别构成、食物组成数据。林带（3200 – 4100 m）有乔木33种，灌木30种，可分为三个群落：1）云冷杉-霉箭竹群落（3300 m 和3500 m海拔样带），相对优势度为针叶树73%，阔叶树27%，箭竹密度10/m2；2）冷杉-玉龙箭竹群落（3700 m海拔样带），针叶树90%，阔叶树10%，箭竹密度2/m2；3）冷杉群落（3900 m海拔样带），针叶树99%，阔叶树1%，无箭竹。不同于该种分布区北部（Kirkpatrick，1996），猴群全年局限于群落1中，海拔3200 – 3650 m，家域面积4.0 km2，全年食物中箭竹叶占59%，阔叶树叶占28%，地衣的比例小于5%，秋季种子残片占9%。生境利用模式主要由食物的时空分布所决定。猴群有51只个体，成年性比是1 : 3.4（雄 : 雌），成年未成年比为1 : 1.2，暗示其数量在增长中。群体由5个单雄多雌单位组成。这种两层社会组织与Kirkpatrick等（1998）的描述一致。看来，该种OMU-band结构中的OMU代表了亚洲疣猴的系统发生遗产，而大群集结可能是一种低成本反捕食对策，因其主要食物呈均匀分布。
其他摘要	Fieldwork on black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) at the southern section of the species range was conducted in Jinsichang, Lijiang (99o37’E, 26o50’N; and elevation between 3100 – 4513 m). The vegetation structure was sampled with the point centered quarter and quadrat method. The pattern of range use was estimated with data on feces-patch distribution. The social organization was described in terms of time-space relations of member age-sex classes when the monkeys passed through a spot. Then plant remains in feces were counted under the microscope for getting a general view of diet. There were 33 species of trees and 30 of bushes in the forest belt between 3200 – 4100 m. In the forest, three plant communities were identified as: Picea likiangensis, Abies georgei and Fargesia tenuilgenea at 3300 – 3500 m (2-sampling lines), A. georgei and F. yulongshanersis at 3700 m, and pure A. georgei at 3900 m. In the lower community, the relative dominance was 73% for conifers; 27% for broad leaf trees. Correspondingly, the density of bamboo was 10/m2, 2/m2 and 0 in the 3 communities. Interestingly, this group used only the community at low elevations, and the home range was about 4.0 km2. In the range, 59% of the remains in feces of the monkey were the bamboo leaves, 28% were broad leaves, and <5% were the lichens。In autumn, seeds from broad leaf trees consisted of 9% of the remains. Thus the type of habitat and food for this group was considerably different from that taken by the monkeys at Wuyapuya in the northern section of the species range (Kirkpatrick, 1996). Of course, a higher population density is reasonable. There were 51 individuals in this group, belonging to 5 one-male units. The social organization is similar to that observed by Kirkpatrick et al (1998). The adult sex ratio was 1M : 3.4F, and the ratio of immatures to matures was 1.2 : 1, implying the group size is increasing. Of the OMU-band structure, OMU appears to be commonly held by Asian colobines, and the band may be related to the strategy of anti-predation, with little cost of food competition under the condition that the main foods (leaves or lichens), are almost evenly occurred in the habitat.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6461
专题	其他
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	杨士剑. 金丝厂黑白仰鼻猴Rhinopithecus bieti 的生境植被、食性、家域和社会组织[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2000.

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