国萤火虫的系统分类与进化研究

KIZ OpenIR > 基因起源组（王文）

	国萤火虫的系统分类与进化研究
其他题名	Study on Systematics and Evolution of Fireflies in China
	李学燕
学位类型	博士
导师	季维智 ; 梁醒财 ; 近江谷克裕
	2006
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
关键词	中国萤火虫萤科雌光萤科系统分类进化 16s基因初步研究
摘要	萤火虫因具有生物荧光现象而众所周知。狭义的萤火虫仅指萤科昆虫，而广义的萤火虫则包括萤科和雌光萤科昆虫。萤科和雌光萤科在分类上隶属于节肢动物门、昆虫纲、鞘翅目、多食亚目、软鞘类昆虫。萤火虫主要生活在热带和亚热带地区，广布于除南极洲以外的各大洲。中国地跨热带、亚热带地区，具有潜在的物种多样性，但在中国，尤其在大陆地区，对萤火虫的研究相对较少。为了更好的保护和应用中国的萤火虫，本文对中国萤火虫的系统分类和进化进行了初步研究。本文先简单概述了自然界的发光生物类群、生物发光的原理、生物荧光的生物学意义及应用，之后，从以下几个方面对萤火虫的研究概况作了概述：首先，介绍了萤科的分类地位、形态特征、分类历史与现状，并根据文献初步总结了当前萤科分类中使用的属名、各属的物种数及地理分布概况；其次，介绍了雌光萤科的分类地位、形态特征及分类概况；第三，从宏观和微观两方面介绍了萤火虫的系统发育与进化研究概况。根据对标本检视及对文献归纳整理的初步结果，中国萤科昆虫隶属于5亚科(Lampyrinae, Amydetinae, Luciolinae, Ototretinae, Psilocladinae)、13属(Lampyris, Diaphanes, Pyrocoelia, Lucidotopsis, Lucidina, Pristolycus, Lamprigera, Vesta, Luciola, Curtos, Drilaster, Stenocladius, Cyphonocerus)、116种，其中包括1个新种、10个中国新记录种。Lampyrinae 亚科包括7个属：Lampyris仅包括1种；Diaphanes包括18种，其中1个新种，3个中国新记录种；Pyrocoelia包括23种，其中2个中国新记录种；Lucidotopsis包括2种；Lucidina包括5种；Pristolycus包括6种，其中3个中国新记录种；Lamprigera包括3种。Amydetinae 亚科包括1个属即Vesta，该属在中国分布5种，其中1个中国新记录种。Luciolinae亚科包括2个属：Luciola包括28种，其中1个中国新记录种；Curtos包括9种。Ototretinae亚科包括2个属：Drilaster包括10种；Stenocladius包括2种。Psilocladinae亚科在中国仅分布1个属即Cyphonocerus，该属在中国仅分布3种。新种Diaphanes pectinealis的发现对Pyrocoelia和Diaphanes两个相似属的界定提出了新的挑战，因此，当前萤科昆虫分类学研究中，对这两个属的系统修订是急需的，这也表明中国萤科分类的研究对完善萤科的分类系统具有重要意义。中国雌光萤科仅包括1个属即雌光萤属，该属主要分布于东洋区，已知种类32种，中国分布16种。为了更好了解这类特殊的发光甲虫，根据文献和对标本的检视，对雌光萤属的32种作了简要介绍，并根据文献编制了种检索表。为了更好的探讨萤火虫的系统发育关系，本文对采自云南的18种萤科昆虫进行线粒体16S基因的部分测序，加上来自GenBank的已知同源序列，采用贝叶斯法、邻接法和最大简约法构建了包括日本、韩国和中国萤科的5个亚科、12个属共45个种50个种群及近缘科雌光萤科的1个种的系统发育树。根据所构建的系统发育树得出如下结论：萤科不是单系；Amydetinae亚科是萤科中相对原始的亚科，推测Lamprigera属（其亚科分类地位有争议，当前放在Lampyrinae）与Amydetinae有近缘关系；由于Pristolycus sagulatus （当前放在Lampyrinae，但其亚科分类地位也有争议）出现在Luciolinae中，Luciolinae的单系概念仍是一个有争议的课题；在Luciolinae中，Curtos 和Hotaria均为单系，但形态学和分子数据依然表明萤科最大的属Luciola不是单系，对这个属的再分是必需的；由于一些在亚科分类上有争议的属如Lamprigera和Pristolycus目前均放在Lampyrinae，因此，Lampyrinae是否是单系有待于这些属的分类工作的进一步完善；在Lampyrinae中，Lucidina 是单系；Pyrocoelia 和 Diaphanes均不是单系，但Pyrocoelia+Diaphanes是很好的单系。本文首次讨论了Diaphanes属在萤科中的系统发育地位。结合形态学和行为学的观察，确立了采自云南高黎贡山的1个具有Pyrocoelia 和Diaphanes两个属的某些镶嵌特征但具有特殊的触角结构的1个特殊种即Diaphanes pectinealis的分属及新种地位。这一新种的发现对Pyrocoelia 和 Diaphanes两个属的界定提出了挑战。结合形态学、行为学和交配体系的概念，在萤科分类中应该对受性选择的特征如触角予以更多的关注。
其他摘要	Fireflies are well-known luminous insects, and include those insects belonged to both Lampyridae and Rhagophthalmidae in broad sense. Lampyridae and Rhagophthalmidae belong to Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Malacodermata in taxonomy. Fireflies mainly live in tropic and subtropic region, and can be found in continents except Antarctica. China spans tropic and subtropic regions, and should be rich in firefly species diversity. However, it is really regretted that systematically taxonomic study on fireflies from mainland in China is very few. In order to conserve and exploit Chinese fireflies, this paper deals primarily with their systematic taxonomy and evolution. This paper begins with a simple introduction to luminous taxa in natural world, the principle of bioluminescence, the significances of bioluminescence and its applications. Then, focuses are on the reviews on taxonomy of Lampyridae and Rhagophthalmidae and on phylogeny of fireflies. According to literatures involved Chinese fireflies and specimens, a checklist of Chinese Lampyrids, i. e, Lampyridae insects, are provided. Chinese Lampyrids included 116 species, distributed in 13 genera, i. e, Lampyris, Diaphanes, Pyrocoelia, Lucidotopsis, Lucidina, Pristolycus, Lamprigera, Vesta, Luciola, Curtos, Drilaster, Stenocladius and Cyphonocerus, and in 5 subfamilies, i. e, Lampyrinae, Amydetinae, Luciolinae, Ototretinae and Psilocladinae. Lampyrinae includes 7 genera: Lampyris (only 1 speceis), Diaphanes (18 species, including 1 new species (Diaphanes pectinealis sp. nov.) and 3 Chinese new records), Pyrocoelia (23 species, including 2 Chinese new records), Lucidotopsis (2 species), Lucidina (5 species), Pristolycus (6 species, including 3 Chinese new records), and Lamprigera (3 species). Amydetinae include one genus, i. e. Vesta (5 species, including 1 Chinese new record). Luciolinae include 2 genera: Luciola (28 species, including 1 Chinese new record), and Curtos (9 species). Ototretinae include 2 genera: Drilaster (10 species), and Stenocladius (2 species). Psilocladinae include 1 genus, i. e. Cyphonocerus (3 species). The discovery of new species in this study challenges the delimit of two similar genera Pyrocoelia and Diaphanes, which indicates that it is necessary to revise these two similar genera and that taxonomic reseach on Chinese fireflies is an very important part of firefly taxonomy. Rhagophthalmidae in China includes only the genus Rhagophthalmus, which mainly distributes in Oriental and includes 32 known species. Among those known species, 16 are from China. In order to further understand this kind of special beetle, this paper deals with the taxonomy of all these known species in Rhagophthalmus. In order to further understand phylogeny of fireflies, partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA of 18 firefly species from Southwest of China was sequenced. Combined with homologous sequences previously reported, phylogenetic trees including Japanese, Korean and Chinese species were reconstructed by neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. All reconstructions agreed on most parts of the trees. Monophyly of Lampyridae is not supported because Rhagophthalmus ohbai of Rhagophthalmidae is included within it. Lamprigera, a genus placed unreliably in Lampyrinae, shows close relationship to Amydetinae. Monophyly of Luciolinae is not supported because Pristolycus sagulatus (Lampyrinae) is included within it. In the Luciolinae, monophyly of Curtos and Hotaria is well established, respectively, but both morphological and molecular data continue to indicate that Luciola is not monophyletic and its subdivision is indeed necessary. Within the Lampyrinae, Lucidina is monophyly; both Pyrocoelia and Diaphanes are not monophyletic, but monophyly of Pyrocoelia+Diaphanes is well supported. Phylogeny of Diaphanes is discussed for the first time. Generic placement of a special species sharing some characters of Pyrocoelia and Diaphanes (treated herein as new species Diaphanes pectinealis) challenges the delimitation of these two similar genera. Combined with analysis of morphology, ethology and mating systems, it is suggested that more emphasis should be placed on those sexually selected characters such as antennal structure in taxonomy of Lampyridae.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6487
专题	基因起源组（王文）其他
作者单位	中国科学院昆明动物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李学燕. 国萤火虫的系统分类与进化研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2006.

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