Due to the unique evolutionary position and anatomy physiology, Tree shrews as new experimental animal have being widely used as animal models of human disease in areas of oncology, immunology, virology, and neuroscience. As an experimental animal, there must be the complete genetic background for meeting the increasingly urgent scientific research. Therefore, a clear genetic background for accelerating the development of tree shrews models has important practical significance. With the rapid development of sequencing technology, RNA-seq as a new generation of transcriptome sequencing technology has been known. This paper has carried out discussions on tree shrew RNA-seq, and successfully extracted high-quality RNAs from the seven organizations of tree shrew (liver, kidney, pancreas, brain tissue, heart, testis and ovary), then they were sent to the BGI-Shenzhen sequencing. And there is some brief analysis on the Tree shrew’s transcriptome database. Innate immunity is one of the oldest against microbial invasion protections in multi-cellular animals. As a big family of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), NOD-like receptor family (NLRs) plays a vital role in the innate immunity and mediating the specific immune. The ligand binding domains of majority of NLRs members are similar to the TLR, rich in leucine. For the NLRs members are related to many human diseases, it is particularly important to make clear about the NLRs situation of the tree shrew which is most likely to be representative of experimental animal to build animal models of human disease. The NLRs genes of tree shrew from the annotated transcriptome data sent back from BGI-Shenzhen and the ones in human, macaca and mouse have been evolutionary analyzed and summarized by the softwares MEGA5, Neighbor-joining and MrBayes. Partial NLRs gene sequences of tree shrew were amplified. There are some experiences accumulated for the future study of NLRs in tree shrew and the deeper annotation for the tree shrew genome that has a certain theoretical significance and application value.
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