The thesis was composed of two independent parts: 1. Anti-HIV effects and mechanism of action of pine cone extracts from Pinus yunnanensis; 2. Anti-HIV effects and mechanism of action of daphnane diterpene esters from Daphne acutiloba. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and characterized by severe impairment of general immune system. The economic and social problems caused by AIDS may severly restrict the development of society and greatly threaten human health if it is not well controlled. Anti-HIV drugs still remain the dorminant role in the treatment of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), because no vaccine was found till today. Considerable success has been achieved in the treatment of HIV infection, and more than thirty antiretroviral drugs are available targeting several distinct steps in the viral replication cycle. However, drug toxicity, drug resistance, adverse drug–drug interactions, and accompanying poor patient adherence are still the major factors leading to treatment failure. Therefore, the discovery of novel drugs with new mechanisms of action, low toxicity, high activity and well tolerability is still a challenging issue in HIV treatment. Owing to structural diversity, few side effects, and abundant resources, natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicines and medicinal plants have unique advantages and good potential in prevention and treatment of AIDS. Pine cones are fruits of Pinus plants, and had active components which have anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, antiviral, antioxidant and immune enhancing activities. There are only few reports about the anti-HIV activities of pine cones. In this study, the anti-HIV activities of pine cone extracts (YNS-PY-E and YNS-PY-F) from Pinus yunnanensis were evaluated, and their mechanisms of action were also explored.
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