| 其他摘要 | In the past thirty years, genome sequencing technology has promoted the revolution in each area of life science. As the first complete genome sequence publishd, genomics has become an essential tool for studying the molecular mechanism in life evolution, revealing the nature of genetic variation and detecting that the mechanism of cell regulation. Now, the next-generation sequencing technologies are revolutionising genomics and more and more genomes are sequenced, which provides unprecedented opportunities to conduct comparative genomics and bioinformatics study. With the powerful tool, the barrier between model organism and non-model organism is also eliminating. The domestic goat (Capra hircus) is an important livestock species in China, India and other developing countries. Because it provides a good source of meat, milk, fiber, and skin, it is popularly known as the ‗‗poor man‘s cow‘‘. Goats have fulfilled agricultural, economic, cultural, and even religious roles from very early times in human civilization. Goat is also used as human disease model for biomedical research and galactophore reactor for protein medicine production. Many pieces of evidence indicate that the goat was one of the animals to be first domesticated form at least two wild Capra (Capra aegagrus and Capra falconeri ) around 10,000 years ago at the dawn of the Neolithic period in the Fertile Crescent and spread quickly with human migration and trade. Since then, over 500 goat breeds have been established, representing an important world heritage and a scientific resource for understanding the genetics of complex traits.Goat also became the most adaptable and geographically widespread livestock species, ranging from the high altitude of the Himalayas to the deserts of Rajasthan and humid coastal areas of India. However, despite the agricultural and biological importance of goat, lack of a reference genome has greatly hindered understanding the genetic basis of these important features. The recent development of next-generation sequencing technologies has significantly improved sequencing throughput at a markedly reduced time and cost. We have therefore sequenced and assembled the genome of the domestic goat by combining the next-generation sequencing with fosmid library pair-end sequencing and optical mapping, which is a new technique to get markers for large DNA fragment or even chromosome assembly. We generated the final super-scaffold with N50 over 18M, and 93% sequence was anchored to chromosome. To annotate this well-assembled goat genome, we generated transcriptome data for more than 10 tissues, including follicles of fine wool and carpet wool, which could help us to understand the developmental difference of fine and carpet wool . In total, we annotated 22,175 protein coding genes and detected more than 16000 genes expressed in follicles of fine wool and carpet wool, and over 2000 genes had different expression level between follicles of fine wool and carpet wool. Besides, this dissertation also sequenced and compared transcriptomes of silk glands for 6 silk insect species. Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of mulberry silkworm which was domesticated and utilized as early as 5000 years ago in China.. Silks can also be produced by several other insects with novel characters which may be better than mulberry silkworm silk, but little is known about these silkmoths.Using the next-generation sequencing technology, we sequenced and de novo assembled the silkgland transcriptomes of Antheraea yamama, Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea assama, Samia Cynthia, Rhodinia newara and Actias selene Hubner. Comparation among the six transcriptomes shed light onto the difference of silk bio-synthesis among different silkmoths. |
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