| 其他摘要 | Tibetan dogs is native to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau elevation of 3000-5000 meters in China, which distributed in Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. In the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the most common native dog was the Tibetan indigenous dog, in addition, the special geographical and humanistic history bred some rare dog breeds, such as Tibetan mastiff, Tibetan kyi apso, Tibetan terrier, Tibetan Spaniel, Lhasa apso. They are the oldest breed originating in the region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, whose have a long development history. They lived in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region for thousands of years, in such a long time, Tibetan dogs may obtain genetic adaptability through self-adaptation and natural selection, and help Tibetan dogs succeed settle in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau rather than because of altitude sickness be eliminated.In our research, we apply whole genome resequencing research methods to explore the related SNPs in adaptation of Tibetan dog based on whole-genome resequencing in dog. Moreover, we develop population genetic and correlation analysis on selected the strongest signal SNPs as candidate gene. The results showed that EPAS1 (endothelia PAS domain protein 1, EPAS1) gene was a strong selection signal in different populations. HIF-2α protein, encoded EPAS1 gene, which is induced by hypoxia pathway (Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor, HIF pathway) is a transcription factor and hypoxia inducible regulatory subunit, regulated by the oxygen concentration, associated with chronic hypoxia adaptation. Therefore，there was an important significance in dog high-altitude adaptation research through deeply analyzed the genetic diversity of the different population in EPAS1 gene.We amplified EPAS1 gene three region sequencing(partial or total sequence containing ExonA, ExonB, ExonC) from 14 dog populations in China, in total more than 300 individual, and screened the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in target fragments. The correlation analysis and the linkage disequilibrium analysis, and found that there were significantly correlated between allele frequency and altitude in the three fragments, and were in a strongly linkage block, suggested that this region may be under strong selection effects. This effect may be related to play an important role of EPAS1 gene in hypoxia induced pathway and may be an adaptation mechanism under long-term hypoxia stress in Tibetan dog.This study provided genetic evidence for the study of Tibetan dogs high-altitude adaptation mechanism, but also provided the basis for the origin and evolutionary history of Tibetan dogs. |
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