Many Chinese domestic pig breeds face extinction, explore effective methods of germplasm resources protection is imminent. In the 21st century biological research. With the development of second-generation sequencing technology, biological conservation has quietly transformed into the genome conservation generation. My study mainly includes two aspects. Selected Diannan small-ear pig which growth in Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna as the research object to explore new ways to protect biological resources and useing these methods to establish the nucleus herds of Diannan small-ear pig. firstly, I analyzed Diannan small-ear pig selective action based on comparative genomics strategy, search the principle components of Diannan small-ear pig. Then ,screened molecular marker loci in these selective areas and to verify the difference of gene frequency in a large population. 9 molecular markers were screened in Diannan small-ear pig whole genome which linkage with special selected genes using to identify pure Diannan small-ear pig finally. Due to the presence of hybridization between Diannan small-ear pigs and wild boars in production area, in order to exclude wild boar and Western commercial pig blood,12 molecular markers also identified use to distinguish Chinese domestic pig breeds from eastern Asian wild boars and commercial pig. 243 Diannan small-ear pig individuals were identified using these molecular markers, and ultimately choosed the 159 sows, 33 boars and established nucleus herds of Diannan small-ear pig conservational population. In addition, in order to protect genetic diversity of Diannan small-ear pig. 31 boars were re-sequenced to analysis principal component, divided pedigrees according to the genetic distance. Provide accurate guidance for the development of Diannan small-ear pig nucleus breeding conservation program. To better understand the production performance of Diannan small-ear pig in order to achieve the ultimate goal of resource conservation even utilization, my study examined the carcass traits and meat quality of Diannan small-ear pig. Diannan small-ear pig breed with excellent performance, intramuscular fatty acid content is higher than Western commercial pigs, high content of unsaturated fatty acids in intramuscular fat, is typical representative of fat swine breeds. In general, my study researched and implemented on a Diannan small-ear pig germplasm resources protection from the whole genome level ,the method also can be used in other domestic animals protection.
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