Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling

	Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling
	Zhang, XP; Wu, BY; Shao, Y
	2026
发表期刊	Genome Biol. Evol.
ISSN	1759-6653
卷号	18 期号:4
摘要	The immune system mediates the complex interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and their hosts. Despite its significance, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying immune system complexity in primates remain largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the evolution of the primate immune system by generating the first comprehensive catalog of immune-related genes through extensive phylogenomic sampling. Our analyses uncovered substantial genetic diversity in the evolution of the primate immune system, in the form of modules that vary in their sequences and functional capabilities. We identified a novel module (Type 3c) that has experienced long-term coevolution between primates and lentiviruses over a long evolutionary timescale. Furthermore, we found that social system complexity, rather than diet or group size, may potentially shape the immune system evolution of primates. We further uncovered the evolutionary histories of key immune-associated genes, including IFNAR2 and C5AR1, which are implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection. More importantly, we revealed a divergence in the selective pressures on immune-associated genes between experimental primates and humans. This finding provides a critical caveat, suggesting that extreme caution is warranted when using these primates as models for human diseases such as HIV-1, Hepatitis C, and Influenza A. In summary, this work uncovers key evolutionary mechanisms that have fundamentally shaped the complexity of immune systems across primates.
收录类别	SCIE
语种	英语
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/15027
专题	科研部门_灵长类免疫和进化（邵永）
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Zhang, XP,Wu, BY,Shao, Y. Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling[J]. Genome Biol. Evol.,2026,18(4).
APA	Zhang, XP,Wu, BY,&Shao, Y.(2026).Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling.Genome Biol. Evol.,18(4).
MLA	Zhang, XP,et al."Evolutionary Complexity of Primate Immune System Uncovered by the Extensive Phylogenomic Sampling".Genome Biol. Evol. 18.4(2026).

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