磷微蠕蚓(Microscolex phosphoreus)和壮伟环毛蚓(Pheretima robusta)体腔细胞的超微结构研究

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	磷微蠕蚓(Microscolex phosphoreus)和壮伟环毛蚓(Pheretima robusta)体腔细胞的超微结构研究
	修立辉
学位类型	硕士
导师	梁醒财
	2007-06
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	发光蚯蚓体腔细胞超微结构发光体系
其他摘要	发光蚯蚓在世界范围内广泛分布。大多数发光蚯蚓的发光体系包含于蚯蚓体腔液内充满颗粒的细胞内。早期对不同种发光蚯蚓的生理学及生物化学方面的对比研究表明大多数发光蚯蚓的发光体系是类似的，但最近对线蚓科的两个种的研究发现它们不仅发光源的定位特殊，发光反应所需要的成分也明显不同于其他种类，而且它们两者之间也互不相同。本文对发光蚯蚓的发光器官和发光体系的研究现状及其进展进行了综述，并将有代表性的发光蚯蚓的发光体系进行了对比总结。应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对发光性蚯蚓——磷微蠕蚓(Microscolex phosphoreus)的体腔细胞进行观察，基于各种细胞的形态特征、胞质内细胞器和颗粒组成、伪足形状和行为特征等将其归纳为三类：黄色细胞、阿米巴样细胞、粒细胞。从外观上看，黄色细胞由几个个体较大的黄色细胞体组成，其细胞质内缺少细胞器；阿米巴样细胞呈明显的球形或椭圆形的花朵状，经常可见几个至十几个细胞形成聚合体，胞质内细胞器丰富；粒细胞的胞质内具有颗粒是其主要特征，其星状伪足常处于细胞一端，细胞质内细胞器含量中等。将磷微蠕蚓的三类细胞与前人研究过的几种蚯蚓中相关体腔细胞的形态和超微结构进行了异同比较。应用光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对非发光种——壮伟环毛蚓(Pheretima robusta)的体腔细胞进行了分类和超微结构观察。结果显示壮伟环毛蚓的体腔细胞主要可分为三种类型：黄色细胞、Ⅰ型阿米巴样细胞、Ⅱ型阿米巴样细胞。黄色细胞外观看上去由大量的小颗粒组成，在透射电镜下发现其胞质内含有许多黄色细胞体和过氧化物酶体，细胞质内缺少细胞器。Ⅰ型阿米巴样细胞表面具有许多明显的褶皱和不规则的突起，大多数形态是不规则的。胞质内含有丰富的线粒体和游离的核糖体。Ⅱ型阿米巴样细胞表面有一些较小的凹陷和突起，细胞外质含有大量大小不等形态多样的空泡。细胞质内可见圆形或椭圆形的线粒体及粗面内质网。胞质内含有大量的核糖体颗粒。将壮伟环毛蚓(Pheretima robusta)与前人研究过的几种蚯蚓及磷微蠕蚓(Microscolex phosphoreus)的体腔细胞的结构进行了比较。; Bioluminescent earthworms (Oligochaeta) are world wide living. The bioluminescence system is contained within large, granule-filled coelomic cells except for some species. It is indicated considerable similarity in the system of bioluminescence in earlier research by the comparison physiology and biochemistry of many bioluminescence earthworms. However, recently experiment show the luminescence systems of the enchytraeids Fridericia heliota and Henlea sp. significantly differ from each other and from all luminescence systems of oligochaetes known to date.The luminous organs and luminescence systems of bioluminescence earthworms were reviewed, luminescence systems of typical earthworms were compared in this article. Coelomocytes of the oligochaeta Microscolex phosphoreus are observed by light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on morphology, organelles and granules composition, pseudopodia shape, as well as behavioural traits, three main cell types were distinguished in the coelomic fluid: chloragogen cells, amoebocytes and granulocytes. Endoplasm of chloragogen cells is a lack of organelles. The chloragogen cells are composed of several larger chloragosomes in appearance. The amoebocytes are look like a round or oval flower in appearance. The amoebocytes are the most numerous cells in the coelomic fluid of Microscolex phosphoreus. Amoebocytes often form aggregations of a few to about a dozen cells. The cytoplasm contain numerous cytoplasmic organelles. Stellate pseudopodia, granules and empty vacuoles are distinguishing features in granulocytes. Stellate pseudopodia usually concentrate at one pole of the cell. Morphology and ultrastructure of Microscolex phosphoreus coelomocytes are presented on microgarphs: similarities and differences are compared to related coelomocytes of other species. Light microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, were employed to classify and observe coelomocytes of the oligochaete Pheretima robusta. The three main types of coelomocytes were distinguished on the basis of light and electron microscope studies: chloragogen cells, type Ⅰamoebocytes, type Ⅱamoebocytes. The chloragogen cells are composed of numerous granules in appearance. The cytoplasm contains numerous chloragosomes and peroxisomes, and less organelles . The type Ⅰamoebocytes exterior contain numerous distinct drapes and heaves. There are numerous mitochondria and dissociative ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The typeⅡAmoebocytes exterior contains numerous small drapes and heaves. Ectoplasm of the type Ⅱ Amoebocytes contains large numbers of different size and shape vacuoles. The cytoplasm has round or oval mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and plentiful ribosome. Morphology and ultrastructure of Pheretima robusta coelomocytes are presented on microgarphs: similarities and differences are compared to related coelomocytes of other species and Microscolex phosphoreus.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/11017
专题	其他
作者单位	中国科学院昆明动物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	修立辉. 磷微蠕蚓(Microscolex phosphoreus)和壮伟环毛蚓(Pheretima robusta)体腔细胞的超微结构研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2007.

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