蜘蛛是一类古老的节肢动物，其起源历史可追溯到3.9亿年前。由于需要适应不同的栖息环境，蜘蛛进化出了多种多样的形态。蜘蛛的丝素蛋白及毒素，可被广泛应用于农业、医学和工业领域，具有很大的潜在应用价值，因而很有生物工程研究意义。然而，目前对蜘蛛的基因组成及表达方面的研究还十分匮乏，这不仅影响了蜘蛛相关生物学科的发展，也阻碍了对蜘蛛宝贵基因资源的利用。为了弥补蜘蛛基因组成方面的了解不足，我们利用第二代高通量测序技术，对来自西双版纳热带雨林的三个结网蜘蛛物种——Gasteracantha arcuata、Nasoonaria sinensis和Gasteracantha hasselti的转录组信息进行了提取、测序、从头组装和分析。利用Illumina的双末端RNA测序技术，我们获得了含有转录组信息的序列，并进行从头组装。我们从三种蜘蛛的转录组中分别获得54871（G. arcuata），101855（N. sinensis）和75455（G. hasselti）个去冗余基因序列。在这些序列中，分别有9300（G. arcuata），10,001（N. sinensis）和10494（G. hasselti）条序列得到了注释。我们在注释好的序列中，综合分析了这三种蜘蛛丝素和毒素基因组成和结构。我们的研究首次提供了这三个蜘蛛物种的转录组数据，横向比较了这三种蜘蛛物种的部分遗传信息，并分析了丝素和毒素基因的结构特征和进化意义。我们希望以此初步的研究工作，为日后的蜘蛛生物学研究，及相关蜘蛛基因资源在工程、医学等方面的利用奠定基础。; As an ancient arthropod with a history of 390 million years(myr), spiders evolved numerous morphological forms resulted from adaptation to different environments. The venom and silk of spiders, which have promising commercial applications in agriculture, medicine and engineering fields, are of special interests to researchers. However, little is known about their genomic components, which hinders not only understanding spider biology but also utilizing their valuable genes. Here we report on deep sequenced and de novo assembled transcriptomes of three web-spinning spider species, Gasteracantha arcuata, Nasoonaria sinensis and Gasteracantha hasselti which are distributed in tropical forests of south China. With Illumina paired-end RNA-seq technology, 54,871, 101,855 and 75,455 unigenes for the three spider species were obtained respectively, among which 9,300 (G. arcuata), 10,001(N. sinensis) and 10,494(G. hasselti) unique genes are annotated respectively. From these annotated unigenes, we comprehensively analyzed silk and toxin gene components, structures and evolutionary relations for the three spider species. Our study provides valuable transcriptome data for three spider species which previously lack any genetic/genomic data. The results have laid the first fundamental genomic basis for exploiting gene resources from these spiders in medical science and engineering.
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