中国科学院昆明动物研究所机构知识库

2016年12月至2017年12月期间，利用红外相机监测技术，对云南省白马雪山国家自然保护区、高黎贡山国家级自然保护区、无量山国家级自然保护区及黄连山国家级自然保护区陆生野生动物进行了红外相机监测，采用贝叶斯分析方法预测了相关保护区的物种丰富度，并以有蹄类物种为主要研究对象，对各保护区同域分布有蹄类物种的日活动节律与海拔分布（即时间与空间）两个尺度进行了研究，分析了同域分布有蹄类物种共存的生态学原因，并利用Maxent模型预测了高山麝与中华鬣羚在白马雪山国家级自然保护区北段的潜在栖息地分布。主要结果总结如下： 1.本次研究获得独立有效照片2470张，记录到兽类物种6目16科30种，鸟类物种7目13科38种，包括6种国家Ⅰ级保护动物，24种国家Ⅱ级保护动物。利用贝叶斯分析模型在95%置信区间预测保护区内大中型兽类物种丰富度，其中，白马雪山国家级自然保护区为23.796±5.063，高黎贡山国家级自然保护区为29.497±5.012，黄连山国家级自然保护区为30.204±3.926，无量山国家级自然保护区为25.156±5.008。 2.通过有蹄类动昼夜节律分析，白马雪山国家级自然保护区高山麝夜间活动频率较高（60%），活动高峰期出现在20:00；中华鬣羚主要在夜间活动（70.6%），活动高峰期在18:00~20:00；毛冠鹿白天活动频率较高（58.5%），活动高峰期出现在10:00；斑羚夜间活动频率较高（53.8%），活动高峰期出现在6:00和21:00。高黎贡山国家级自然保护区赤麂主要在夜间活动（68.1%），活动高峰出现在19:00~21:00；中华鬣羚夜间活动频率较高（55%），活动高峰期出现在06:00~07:00；毛冠鹿夜间活动频率较高（66.2%），活动高峰期出现在19:00~20:00；野猪主要在白天活动（73.9%），活动高峰期出现在14:00。无量山国家级自然保护区中华鬣羚白天活动频率较高（58.8%），活动高峰期出现在07:00~08:00；赤麂夜间活动频率较高（55.9%），活动高峰期出现在18:00~20:00；斑羚主要在白天活动（67.1%），活动高峰期出现在07:00~09:00和18:00~20:00；野猪白天活动频率较高（61.2%），活动高峰期出现在10:00和15:00。黄连山国家级自然保护区野猪白天活动频率较高（55.2%），活动高峰出现在08:00~09:00和18:00~19:00；赤麂主要在夜间活动（75%），活动高峰期出现在9:00~20:00和22:00。 3.通过有蹄类物种海拔的单因素方差分析，仅白马雪山国家级自然保护区内斑羚与其他同域分布的有蹄类物种、高黎贡山国家级自然保护区毛冠鹿与其他同域分布的有蹄类物种以及无量山国家级自然保护区野猪与赤麂之间的海拔分布存在显著性差异。

During December 2016 to December 2017, We set up infrared cameras to monitor the mammals and birds in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, Wuliangshan Nature Reserve and Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China. We using Bayesian analysis model estimated the species richness in every Nature Reserves. Based on the camera trap captures, analysis the daily activity and altitude distribution of sympatric Ungulates in every Nature Reserves, discuss the coexistence mechanism of sympatric Ungulates and using Maxent model to estimated the potential habitats of Musk Deer and Chinese Serow in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve. The main results are as follows: 1.We obtained 2470 independent captures triggered include 6 orders, 16 families, 31 species of mammals and 7 orders, 13 families, 38 species of birds. We use Bayesian analysis model in 95% confidence interval estimated the mammal species richness is 23.796±5.063 in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, 29.497±5.012 in Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, 30.204±3.926 in Wuliangshan Nature Reserve and 25.156±5.008 in Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve. 2.By analysis the daily activity of Ungulates, In Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, the Musk Deer have higher active in nighttime (60%) with the activity peak at 20:00; the Chinese Serow mainly active in nighttime (70.6%) with the activity peak between 18:00~20:00; the Tufted Deer have higher active in daytime (58.5%) with the activity peak at 10:00; the Himalayan Goral have higher active in nighttime (53.8%) with the activity peak at 6:00 and 21:00. In Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, the Southern Red Muntjac mainly active in nighttime (68.1%) with the activity peak between 19:00~21:00; the Chinese Serow have higher active in nighttime (55%) with the activity peak between 06:00~07:00; the Tufted Deer have higher active in nighttime (66.2%) with the activity peak between 19:00~20:00; the Wild Boar mainly active in daytime (73.9%) with the activity peak at 14:00. In Wuliangshan Nature Reserve, the Chinese Serow have higher active in daytime(58.8%) with the activity peak between 07:00~08:00; the Southern Red Muntjac have higher active in nighttime (55.9%) with the activity peak between 18:00~20:00; the Himalayan Goral mainly active in daytime (67.1%) with the activity peak between 07:00~09:00 and 18:00~20:00; the Wild Boar have higher active in daytime (61.2%) with the activity peak at 10:00 and 15:00. In Huanglianshan Nature Reserve, the Wild Boar have higher active in daytime (55.2%) with the activity peak between 08:00~09:00 and 18:00~19:00; the Southern Red Muntjac mainly active in nighttime (75%) with the activity peak between 9:00~20:00 and 22:00. 3.We using the One-way ANOVA analysis the altitude distribution of Ungulates in every Natural Reserves. According to the results, Only the Himalayan Goral in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve and the Tufted Deer in Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve have significant difference with other sympatric Ungulates. And the Wild Boar between the Southern Red Muntjac in Wuliangshan Nature Reserve have significant difference.