茸卷象属（Coleoptera：Attelabidae）分类与系统发育研究及寄主识别机制初探

	茸卷象属（Coleoptera：Attelabidae）分类与系统发育研究及寄主识别机制初探
其他题名	Study on Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Euscelophilus（Coleoptera： Attelabidae）and the Mechanism of their Host Selection
	解萌
学位类型	博士
导师	杨君兴 ; 梁醒财
	2008-06
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	卷象科
摘要	本文选取卷叶象甲科昆虫为研究对象，以形态分类学为基础，辅之以分子生物学手段，对中国特有的茸卷象属（Euscelophilus）进行了系统发育学的研究。并在此基础上，对该属昆虫进行了亚显微结构的研究，该研究不仅对其分类学观点进行了验证，对属内分种的有效形态学性状进行了补充，而且从感受器亚显微形态的角度讨论了卷象与寄主植物的化学识别机制，明晰了其结构基础。最后，本文首次从力学角度对卷象与其寄主植物的物理识别机制进行了探讨。在分类学研究中，本文首先整理了中国卷叶象甲鉴定科、亚科、族、属的检索表，同时对其中的18个常见属的分种检索表进行了整理，并对其中中国特有属Euscelophilus进行了深入的分类学研究。将Euscelophilidius、Cureuscelophilus两属和Euscelophiloides亚属定义为Euscelophilus的新异名，并提供了该属物种检索表，同时为该属新增三个物种，分别是Euselophilus longispinus Xie & Liang, sp. n.，Euselophilus gaoligongensis Xie & Liang, sp. n.和Euselophilus caperratus Xie & Liang, sp. n.，并对两物种E. denticulatus和 E. gibbicollis的雄性外生殖器进行了描绘。分子生物学研究以该属内9种和4个外群种共23个个体为材料，对其COII基因进行了扩增，并对所得的核苷酸序列使用PAUP和贝叶斯两种方法构建分子系统发育树。结果表明，中国茸卷象属是一个单系群，其内部可分为三支，分别以E. niger，E. gibbicollis和E. rugolosus为代表，建议将该属分为三个亚属，对于该属有争议的物种T. (E.) qinni，依照本研究获得的数据，建议将其移回Euscelophilus属。亚显微结构研究选取本属内8个物种作为研究对象，分别对其头部、胸部、腹部及前足的形态性状，使用扫描电子显微镜进行了观察拍照。同时，选取了复眼、触角、下唇须、外颚叶、腹部、跗节等部位分布的各种感受器进行了亚显微结构的研究。结果表明，形态相似的近缘物种在亚显微结构上可显示出更大的形状差异，同时，首次证明额的形态特征可作为该属内分种的有效依据。感受器结构研究表明卷象识别寄主植物的主要感受器为毛状、锥状、乳突状化学感受器，其次为刺状、毛状的听觉（物理）感受器以及六棱形小眼组成的视觉感受器（复眼）。力学研究部分选取Apoderus属一种卷象及其寄主植物马桑（Coriaria nepalensis Wall.）为研究对象，首先以人工模拟卷叶的形式对卷象卷叶所需的力进行了分析，其次以纳米压痕手段对卷象上颚和马桑叶片的硬度和弹性模量分别进行了研究。结果表明，先切叶后卷叶是更省力更进化的卷叶模式，同时卷象选择寄主植物的机制中，两者的物理性能呈一定的相关性。
其他摘要	Attelabini weevils are special beetles because of their reproductive behavior, which they roll the leaf to make a cradle for oviposition. In this paper, the genus Euscelophilus was selected to study on taxonomy and phylogeny by morphologic and molecular method. Based on this work, we provided the ultrastructure of their taxonomic characters and every kind of sensillums. Besides, the physical mechanism of host selection was discussed based on the mechanical data. In the taxonomic study, keys to family, subfamily, tribe and genus of Chinese Attelabini weevils were provided at first, and keys to species of 18 genera among them are provided at the same time. Then, focuses were on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Euscelophilus Voss, 1925. Three additional species from China (E. longispinus, E. gaoligongensis and E. caperratus) were described as new to science, and the male genitalia of two described species (E. gibbicollis and E. denticulatus) were illustrated for the first time. Euscelophilidius Legalov, 2003, Cupreuscelophilus Legalov, 2005 and Euscelophiloides Legalov, 2007 are newly synonymised with Euscelophilus Voss, Euscelophilus mayongi (Legalov & Liu, 2005) comb. n. was consequently transferred from Cupreuscelophilus to Euscelophilus and E. jingpingensis Liang, 1994 stat. rev. and E. yongshanensis Liang, 1994 stat. rev. were reinstated as valid species from synonymy with E. chinensis (Schilsky) and E. camelus Voss, respectively. In order to futher understand phylogeny of Euscelophilus, partial mitochondrial DNA COII of 13 attelabini species (including 4species as out group) from China was sequenced. Combined with homologous sequences previously reported, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. The trees of all methods showed that Euscelophilus is a monophyletic group, comprising 3 smaller groups, represented by E niger，E gibbicollis and E rugolosus respectively. We thought this genus should be divided into 3 subgenus and T. qinni should be transferred back to Euscelophilus. By the SEM method, we studied the ultrastructures of 8 species in the genus Euscelophilus, including their head, pronotum, abdomen, fore femora, tibiae, and elytron and so on. Subsequently we selected some individuals to study the sensillums distributed in compound eyes, antenna, labial palpi, tarsus, tibia and the middle of abdominal segment. As a result, it was proved that similar species had more differences in ultrastructure, and the character of fron could be used in identified species in this genus. According to study in the structures of sensillum, we found attelabini weevil could recognize their host plants by the following sensillum: Visual receptor, compound eyes; Auditory receptor, styloconic sensillum on apex of tibia; Physical receptor, aculeate sensilla in the middle of abdominal segment; Chemoreceptor, especialy trichoid or styloconic ones everywhere. In the study of the physical memchanism of host selection, we selected Apoderus sp. and Coriaria nepalensis to test modulus and hardness by nanoindentation method, and the pressure of rolling-leaf in different conditions was also tested. As a result, the physical properties contributed to the host-plant selection, and cutting the leaf before rolling would save more energy for the insect.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6078
专题	科研部门_系统进化与生物地理学（杨君兴）其他
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	解萌. 茸卷象属（Coleoptera：Attelabidae）分类与系统发育研究及寄主识别机制初探[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2008.

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