中国松鼠科 Sciuridae (Non-flying squirrels) 动物的分类和分布及系统发育研究

	中国松鼠科 Sciuridae (Non-flying squirrels) 动物的分类和分布及系统发育研究
其他题名	Studies on Classification, Distribution, and Phylogenies of Non-Flying Squirrels (Rodentia, Sciuridae) in China
	李松
学位类型	博士
导师	杨君兴 ; 王应祥
	2007-02
学位授予单位	中国科学院研究生院
学位授予地点	北京
学位专业	动物学
关键词	中国松鼠科分类进化系统发育
摘要	松鼠科隶属于哺乳纲、啮齿目，是一类世界广布性动物，全世界共计36属234种。本文通过形态分析及分子生物学方法，研究了我国松鼠科动物的分类及系统发育关系，内容包括以下两个方面：一、中国松鼠科动物的分类本研究查看了中科院昆明动物研究所、中科院动物研究所、云南大学、四川省林业科学研究院、四川大学、陕西师范大学、陕西动物研究所、西北大学、上海自然历史博物馆、广东昆虫所馆藏该科各类群标本。同时，结合相关文献，对各类群的外形特征进行了详细的描述和系统分类整理，我国共计10属34种。测取可量性状数据共计20800个（完整头骨共计1300号），而且还运用多变量及单变量分析方法进行数据分析，对部分类群的种下分类结果进行分析：1.探讨了分布于中国境内的明纹花鼠（Tamiops mcclellandii）3亚种的有效性。2.研究了隐纹花鼠（Tamiops swinhoei）在中国的分化并描记了分布于四川马尔康地区的隐纹花鼠为一新亚种（Tamiops swinhoei markamensis）。3.描记了分布于云南省东北部昭通地区的赤腹松鼠为一新亚种：昭通亚种（Callosciurus erythraeus zhaotongensis）。4. 提出了分布于云南省无量山区的泊氏长吻松鼠为一新亚种：无量山亚种（Dremomys pernyi wuliangshanensis）。二、中国松鼠科动物的系统发育研究 2004－2005年相继到滇西北高黎贡山、香格里拉，滇西南临沧地区，滇东南马关、麻栗坡、富宁，滇东北昭通地区进行标本采集，基本收集到我国南方松鼠科属、种样品进行分子生物学研究。 1.中国松鼠科动物各属的系统发育关系在分析线粒体细胞色数b基因（1040bp）序列的基础上，运用贝叶斯法（Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction approaches）、最简约法（Maximum parsimony method）、邻接法（Neighbor Joining method）构建中国松鼠科动物所有属间系统发育树。结果表明：所分析的10属分别聚集为3群，巨松鼠属Ratufa单独成为一群，丽松鼠属Callosciurus、长吻松鼠属Dremomys、花松鼠属Tamiops 以及线松鼠属Menetes成为一群，松鼠属Sciurus、岩松鼠属Sciurotamias、花鼠属Tamias、旱獭属Marmota 以及黄鼠属Spermophilus成为一群。在此基础上我们进一步探讨了中国松鼠科动物的分化与环境变化的关系。 2.长吻松鼠属的系统发育关系在分析线粒体细胞色数b基因（378bp）序列的基础上，我们重建了长吻松鼠属内5个类群间的系统发育关系，结合对5类群外部形态特征的详细比较，我们探讨并论证了红腿长吻松鼠、橙喉长吻松鼠作为种的地位的有效性，同时论证了该属内泊氏长吻松鼠最早分化，其次为橙腹长吻松鼠，第三是红腿长吻松鼠，红颊长吻松鼠和橙喉长吻松鼠是最后分化的类群。
其他摘要	The family Sciuridae, found in a wide variety of habitats throughout the world (absent only from Australian, Madagascar, southern South America, and certain desert regions, such as in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula), and 36 genera and 234 species have been described in the world. With the methods of morphologic and molecular studies, we study the classification and phylogenies of non-flying squirrels in China, the results are listed below: 1. Classification of non-flying squirrels in China Contraposing the systematical results of non-flying squirrels in China, we examined specimens of non-flying squirrels that were deposited in the Museum of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Zoology, CAS, Yunnan University, Sichuan Institute of Forest, Sichuan University, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi Institute of Zoology, Northwestern University, Shanghai Natural History Museum, and Guangdong Entomic Institute. In the meantime, combining with correlative references on the subject (10 genera and 34 species in China), we not only described the pelage characteristics of different groups, measured 1300 intact skulls (20800 data in total), but also we used multi-variate and mono-variate analyses to discuss validity of some group’s subspecies status. In the study, we described four results below: (1) the validity of three subspecies of Tamiops mcclellandii in China. (2) Tamiops swinhoei markamensis, which occurs in northern Sichuan province (Markam area), is a new subspecies. (3) Callosciurus erythraeus zhaotongensis, which distributes in northeastern Yunnan province (Zhaotong area), is a new subspecies. (4) Dremomys pernyi wuliangshanensis, which occurs in Mt. wuliangshan area (Yunnan province), is a new subspecies. 2. Molecular Phylogenies of non-flying squirrels in China During 2004 and 2005, we went to Gaoligongshan and Xianggelila (Northwestern Yunnan province), Lincang areas (Southwestern Yunnan province), Maguan, Malibo, Funing (Southeastern Yunnan province), and Zhaotong areas (Northeastern Yunnan province) to collect samples for molecular study. 2.1. Phylogenies among genera of non-flying squirrels in China we analyzed partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (1040 base pairs) to investigate the phylogenies among non-flying squirrels in China, and molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed by Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction approaches, maximum parsimony method, and neighbor-joining method. These ten genera were clustered in three lineages: the first cluster only consisting of Ratufa; Callosciurus, Dremomys, Tamiops, and Menetes formed the second cluster, and the third cluster consisting of Sciurus, Sciurotamias, Tamias, Marmota, and Spermophilus. Based on the results, we discussed the relationships between evolvement of non-flying squirrels and transformation of environment in China. 2.2. Phylogenies of Dremomys Based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences (378bp), we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among five species within Dremomys. Combining with a close comparison of pelage characteristics, we provided an effective clarification of the taxonomic relationships among species within the Dremomys. The results indicate the following: 1. D. pyrrhomerus and D. gularis are all valid species. 2. the oldest species is D. pernyi, the second oldest is D. lokriah, the third is D. pyrrhomerus, and D. rufigenus and D. gularis are the latest species of Dremomys.
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://ir.kiz.ac.cn/handle/152453/6123
专题	科研部门_系统进化与生物地理学（杨君兴）管理、支撑部门_动物博物馆其他
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李松. 中国松鼠科 Sciuridae (Non-flying squirrels) 动物的分类和分布及系统发育研究[D]. 北京. 中国科学院研究生院,2007.

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