分子进化与基因组多样性（张亚平）知识库

第一章，本文简要介绍了“物种”概念的发展历史，争论及存在问题；介绍了关于物种形成过程的两种模型；影响物种种下群体分化的因素；关于生物多样性格局形成的两种假说及多样性分化速率变化的三类原因。第二章，以林蛙类物种的系统发育关系为基础，探讨了地质气候事件与物种分化的关系，研究结果显示地质事件是造成欧洲与东亚物种多样性差异的主要原因之一。第三章通过研究中国林蛙复合体三个物种的演化历史，指出生态位分化在物种形成的过程中起到了重要的作用。生态位分化加强了物种之间的隔离，并将基因流限制在边界区域，阻止已分化物种在二次接触时混合。第四章我们以高原林蛙为研究对象，研究了冰期避难点和地形景观特征等因素对高原林蛙群体分化的影响。我们的结果表明冰期避难点是影响高原林蛙的群体分化的主要因素。第五章，我们对本论文进行了总结，并展望了未来的工作。

In chapter one, we reviewed the definition of species and the models of speciation. Then we introduced the factors determining the genetic structure of a species and the factors shaping the pattern of species diversity. In chapter two, we reconstructed the phylogenitic relationship of brown frogs and revealed the concordance between lineages divergence and geological events. We proved different geological events was one of the most important factors shaping the different patterns of species diversity between Europe and East Asia. In chapter three, we rebuilt the evolution history of R. chensinensis species complex. Our results suggested that ecological divergence reinforced isolation between species and restricted the gene flow in marginal ranges, thus played an important role in speciation. In chapter four, we studied the genetic structure of R. kukunoris and we found the refugia during Last Glacial Maximum was the most important factor that influent the genetic structure of R. kukunoris. In chapter five, we summarized our work and envisioned the future researches.